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Is Freud's Wish-Fulfilment Theory the most persuasive explanation of…
Is Freud's Wish-Fulfilment Theory the most persuasive explanation of why we dream?
Continuity Hypothesis: Cognitive approach
Outline
Hall and Lind 1970
dream content embodies the conceptions and concerns of waking life
Evidence
Zadra and Pesant
correlation between well-being and dream content
Domhoff
case study: Barb Sanders
Hall and Bell
case study: child molester
discontinuities
Freud's Wish-Fulfilment Theory: Psychoanalytical approach
Outline
‘The Interpretation of Dreams’ - 1899
understanding one’s dreams is “the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind.”
Evidence
Freud 1899 and Foulkes 1982
children's dreams
Wegner 2004
correlation between suppression and dream content
nightmares
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis: Neurophysiological approach
Outline
Hobson & McCarley, 1977
brain attempting to synthesize the neuronal processes activated from the brainstem during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep with the cerebral cortex (forebrain).
Evidence
Dement and Kleitman
recall when woken from REM sleep
Solms
brain injury, REM and dreaming can occur without the other
Threat Simulation Theory: Evolutionary approach
Outline
Revonsuo
“the repeated nocturnal rehearsal of the neurocognitive mechanisms that are essential for threat recognition and avoidance behaviours while awake”
Evidence
Zadra et al
recurrent dreams
Solms and Malcom-Smith
recent dreams
Criteria for persuasiveness
validity or research supporting or opposing (scientific methods)
generalisability of theory
compared to other theories (focus on approaches)