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SPAIN IN THE 17TH CENTURY, image, image, image, image, image, image, image…
SPAIN IN THE 17TH CENTURY
THE AUSTRIAN HABSBURGS
During the 17th century, the Austrian Habsburgs ruled Spain
the Spanish monarchy fell into decline
Felipe III (1598-1621)
the Duke of Lerma governed
Spain was bankrupt
to reduce expenses the armed conflicts were ended
a peace treaty was signed with England
a truce was declared with the Protestants in the Low Countries
In 1609, the expulsion of the Moriscos
They were accused of
being fake christians
practising their own religion in secret
the Moriscos were considered untrustworthy by the rest of the population
This expulsion had an extremely negative effect on the Spanish economy, particularly in agriculture
Felipe IV (1621-1665)
Count-Duke of Olivares governed
He attempted to regain power over Europe
He attempted to introduce centralising reforms to increase tax collection
the Union of Arms
It was a reform that introduce Olivares
proposed that all the kingdoms ruled by the Spanish monarchy provide soldiers and funds to cover the cost of the European wars
In the Crown of Aragón's kingdoms, the courts opposed this idea and the proposal failed.
Spain went bankrupt
the toll it was taking provoked numerous domestic rebellions
The most serious ones
Catalonia
Portugal
the nobility managed to appoint a Portuguese king
Conspiracies also occurred in Andalucía and Aragón
revolts in Naples and Sicily
Following the Peace of Westphalia, Spain focused on controlling its domestic revolts
Treaty of the Pyrenees
1652
the royal army took control of Barcelona and ended the revolt in Cataluña
Felipe IV's troops were defeated by the French army
1659
Spain was forced to sign a peace treaty with France
Consequences
France renounced Catalonia
But it gained the Catalonian territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya, as well as territories in Flanders
A marriage was arranged
between Louis XIV, King of France, and Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and the daughter of Felipe IV, King of Spain.
the war against Portugal continued
with the support of England and France
In 1668, Spain recognised Portugal's independence
Carlos II (1665-1700)
Carlos II was a minor when he came to the throne
He was also suffering from an illness
Different validos took power during his reign
France continued its hostilities against a weak Spain, gaining more territories
Carlos II left no heirs, creating a serious conflict over succession when he died
THE WAR OF SUCCESSION
Carlos II named Felipe, Duke of Anjou, as his successor to the Spanish throne
He was from the Bourbon dynasty and was the grandson of King Louis XIV of France
In all the other countries this decision caused great fear
This would mean that the thrones of Spain and France would be united under a single ruler
anti-Bourbon alliance was formed
Carlos, Archduke of Austria, was proposed as a candidate for the throne
They didn't want Felipe as their king, because he was France
This caused the War of Succession (1701-1713)
The candidates and their supporters
Felipe
He was proclaimed King of Spain in Madrid in 1700
He was supported by Castile and France
The Archduke Carlos
was proclaimed King of Spain in Barcelona in 1705
He was supported by the Courts of Aragón, Valencia and Cataluña
He also had the military support of a coalition formed by Austria
Felipe won at the Battle of Almanesa in 1707
He conquered Valencia and Aragón
the coalition also gained victories and the war continued
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
between France and the coalition, with the exception of Austria
In 1711, the Archduke Carlos inherited the throne of Austria
caused fear of a possible union between Spain and Austria among his allies
the Treaty of Rastatt (1714)
Felipe V took control of Barcelona and ended the war
the consequences
Great Britain gained Gibraltar, Minorca and the French colonies in North America
Spain lost its European territories but maintained the ones it held in the Americas
Austria gained the Spanish Low Countries, Naples, Sardinia and Milan. Savoy acquired Sicily.
The kingdom of Spain became a centralised state, based on the French model
France imposed Felipe V as King of Spain
Both kingdoms were governed by the Bourbon dynasty
Felipe had to renounce his right to the French throne
Felipe V passed the Nueva Planta' decrees (1707-1716)
abolished the fueros and the institutions of the Crown of Aragón
These were replaced by Castilian laws
