OSMOTIC DIURETICS(mannitol)
Mechanism of action
indications
Prevention of acute renal injury in cases of oliguria
Cardiovascular operations.
Severe traumatic injury
Reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral
Management of hemolytic transfusion (blood transfusion)
contraindications
Renal disease and anuria
Pulmonary congestion
Intracranial bleeding
Dehydration
Congested heart failar
Side effects
Headache
increased urination
Nausea and vomiting
fever, chills, headache, runny nose
swelling, rapid weight gain
storage conditions
Do not refrigerate or freeze
stored at a temperature of 20° to 30°
Route of administration
IV administration
Nursing consideration
Assess for drug allergies, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, hepatorenal diseases, glucose tolerance abnormalities
Perform a thorough physical assessment to establish baseline data before drug therapy begins, to determine effectiveness of therapy, and to evaluate for occurrence of any adverse effects associated with drug therapy
Obtain an accurate body weight to provide baseline to monitor fluid balance
Monitor intake and output and voiding patterns to evaluate fluid balance and renal function.
References
Bhardwaj A. Osmotherapy in neurocritical care, Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2007, vol. 7 (pg. 513-21
Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G. Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007pg. CD001049
Sear JW. Kidney dysfunction in the postoperative period, Br J Anaesth, 2005, vol. 95 (pg. 20-32)
The mechanism of action of mannitol is as an osmotic agent 4
The physiologic effect of mannitol is by means of increased diuresis
Mannitol, when administered intravenously, exerts its osmotic effect as a solute of relatively small molecular size being largely confined to the extracellular space