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Immune System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Consist of acid- acidity of skin, mucous secretions that inhibit growth which are called acid mantle.
      - Enzymes: lysozome of saliva, respiratory mucus, larimal fluid and enzymes in stomach that kill microorganisms
      - Mucin: it is a sticky mucus, lines digestive and respiratory lines
    - - Phagocytes
        
        Phagocytes: white blood cells that ingest and digest foreign invader
        
        Neutrophilis: most abundant phagocytes, but die fighting, also become phagocytes, but die.
        
        Macrophages: develop from monocytes and are chief phagocytic cells, most robust phagocytic cell
      - Natural Killer Cells (NK) cells
        
        Nonphagocytic, large granular lymphocytes that police blood and lymph
      - Inflammatory response- include (magrophages, mast cells, WBCs, and inflammatory chemicals
      - Antimicrobial proteins (interferons and complement proteins)
      - Fever
  - - - Antibodies, produce by lymphocytes, circulate freely in body fluids
    - - Lymphocytes act against target infected cells.
- - - - Naturally acquired- formed in response to actual bacteria or viral infection
      - Artificially acquired- formed in response to vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens
    - - Naturally acquired- antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant with milk
      - Naturally acquired- antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant with milk
  - - - T- cells provide defense against intracellular antigens
      - T cells are more complex than B cells
      - Some T cells directly kill cells and some release chemicals ot regulate immune response
    - - CD4 cells- usually become helper T cells that can activate b cells, others become T cells & macrophages
      - CD8 cells- become cytotoxic T cells that can destroy cells harboring foreign antigens. They can also become memory T cells
- - - - Acid: acidity of skin, mucous secretions inhibits growth, called acid mantle
      - Enzymes: lysozome of saliva, respiratory mucus, lacrimal fluid and enzymes in stomach kill mircroorganisms
      - Mucin: sticky mucus, lines digestive/ respiratory lines
    - - Phagocytes: white blood cells that ingest and digest foreign invaders
      - Neutrophilis: most abundant phagocytes, but die fighting, become phagocytic
      - Macrophages: develop from monocytes and are chief phagocytic cells; most robust phagocytic cell
      - Natural Killer Cells (NK): Nonphagocytic, large granular lymphocytes that police blood and lymph
  - - - Its specific; recognizes/ targets specific antigens
      - It's systemic: not restricted to initial site
      - Its memory mounts on stronger attack
    - - When B cells encounter target antigen, it provokes humoral immune response
      - Antibodies- circulate in blood or lymph, binding to free antigen, with adaptive mechanisms cause to destroy them
      - Clone cells that do not become plasma cells become memory cells
      - Active
        
        Naturally acquired- formed in response to actual bacteria or viral infection
        
        Artificially acquired- formed in response to vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens
      - Passive:
        
        Naturally acquired- antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant with milk
        
        Naturally acquired- antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant with milk
    - - T- Cells
        
        T- cells provide defense against intracellular antigens
        
        T cells are more complex than B cells
        
        Some T cells directly kill cells and some release chemicals ot regulate immune response
      - 2 Types of T- Cells
        
        CD4 cells- usually become helper T cells that can activate b cells, others become T cells & macrophages
        
        CD8 cells- become cytotoxic T cells that can destroy cells harboring foreign antigens. They can also become memory T cells
- - - - Can be a complete antigen or hapten
      - Contain antigenic determinants
      - Can be a self- antigen
  - - - IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE
    - - Neutralization- Simplest, but one of most important defenses. Antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins
      - Agglutination: allows antigen- antibody complexes to become cross- linked into large lattice- like clumps
      - Precipitation: soluble molecules are cross- linked into complexes. Complexes precipitate out of solution
      - Complement Fixation & Activation: Main antibody defense against cellular antigas (bacteria, mismatched RB(s).