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SEPERATION OF MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram
SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
SEPERATION METHODS BY USING DENSITY DIFFERENCES
Separation by flotation:
Flotation is a process in Liquid-Solid Separation technology whereby solids in suspension are recovered by their attachment to gas (usually air) bubbles, usually with objective of removing the solids from the liquid. The particles most effectively removed are in the size range from 10 to 200 μm.
Seperation by precipitation:
Precipitation is a technique used to separate a mixture based on the solubility of its components. The solubility of a compound depends on the ionic strength of the solution, its pH, and temperature.
Seperation by seperatory funnel:
Separatory funnels, or separation funnels, are a common fixture in chemistry labs. These funnels are used to separate immiscible liquids from their solutes. The funnel is usually glass, pear-shaped, and usually includes a stopper and a stopcock.
Seperation by chuck away:
The solids with different densities can be seperated without using a liquid. If the mixture is thrown into the air, the lighter.
Seperation by decantation:
Decantation is the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids, by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below. The process can be carried out by tilting the mixture after pouring out the top layer.
SEPERATION METHODS BY USING PARTICLE SIZE DIFFERENCES
Separation by picking up:
Thus, we can define handpicking as the separation method in which components of a mixture can be separated by just picking them out by hands is called handpicking. Handpicking is ancient method of separation and we frequently use it in our daily life. As its very simple method of separation.
Separation by sieving:
Sieving is a simple technique for separating particles of different sizes. A sieve such as used for sifting flour has very small holes. Coarse particles are separated or broken up by grinding against one another and the screen openings.
Separation by filtration:
The process of removing insoluble solids from a liquid by using a filter paper is known as filtration. Filtration is used separating insoluble substances from a liquid. The liquid passes through the filter paper and collected in the beaker kept below the funnel.
Separation by dialysis:
Dialysis is a separation technique that facilitates the removal of small, unwanted compounds from macromolecules in solution by selective and passive diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane.
Separation by electrification:
Some substances may easily be attracted to electrified objects. Red pepper is such a substance. This property can be used to seperate red pepper from mixture.
Seperation by a magnet:
Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials. ... Due to the magnets, magnetic particles are being drifted by the movement of the drums.
SEPERATION METHODS BY USING SOLUBILITY DIFFERENCES
Seperation by crystallization
: Crystallization is a separation process that makes use of differences in solubility of the components present in the melt or the solution. Crystallization can occur when the solubility of one or more components present in the liquid is exceeded.
Seperation by fractional crystallization:
Fractional crystallization is a stagewise separation technique that relies upon liquid-solid phase transition and enables multicomponent mix- tures to be split into narrow fractions, ultimately leading to top purities of selected components, through the virtue of selectivity found in solid liquid equilibria.
Seperation by extraction:
Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting in the separation of a substance from a matrix. Common examples include liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory.
SEPERATION METHODS BY USING BOILING POINT DIFFERENCE
Separation by simple distillation:
Simple distillation is a method for separating the solvent from a solution. For example, water can be separated from salt solution by simple distillation. This method works because water has a much lower boiling point than salt. When the solution is heated, the water evaporates.
Separation by fractional distillation:
Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate.
