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GRAM +, COAGULASE TEST - Coggle Diagram
GRAM +
COCCI
STREPTOCOCCUS - GPC chain + catalase negative
ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREP
optochin/bile sensitive
GC diplococci -
S. pneumoniae
colony: nasopharynx
trans: respiratory droplets
virulent factor: capsules
clinical
bacterima
menigitis
Rx
ceftriaxone
vaccination
optochin/ bile resistant
viridans strep (group)
colony
Human oropharynx
human GI
not very agressive
clinical sx
bacteremia
subacute bacterial infective endocarditis
BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS
group A agglutination test
S. pyogenes
colony
skin
mucosa
trans
contact
nose/throat discharge
skin lession
virulent factor
M-protein
streptolysin O
DNases
spe toxins
Rx
DEBRIDE/DRAIN
SERIOUS: pcn + clindamycin
pcn
group B agglutination test
S. agalactiae
colony
GI
genitourinary
transmission
horizontal
vertical
clinical
opportunistic - adults
skin and soft tissue infection
PATHOGEN - NEONATES
pneumonia
bacteremia
meningitis
Rx
debride/ drain
pcn
GAMMA HEMOLYTIC
S. bovis complex
bacteremia
infected endocarditis
assoc w/ colon cancer
S.
gallolyticus
bacteremia
infective endocarditis assoc w/ colon cancer
ENTEROCOCCUS - GPC chain + alpha, beta, gamma hemolytic
E. FAECALIS
E. FAECIUM
colony GI
nosocomial
clinical sxn
UTI
bateremia
infective endocarditis
Rx
ampicillin
gentamicin
vancomycin
linezoilid
daptomycin
CLUSTER + CATALASE POSITIVE
COAGULASE POSITIVE
STAPH AUREUS
RX
MSSA - anti strap beta lactams
nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
MRSA - vancomycin
colony: skin / mucosa
trans
contact
inifected/ colonized
human
environment
virulence factor
mecA
protein A
catalase
enterotoxin
TSST-1
COAGULASE NEGATIVE
S. EPIDERMIDIS
colony skin
nosocomial
opportunisitic
clinical infection
prosthetic device
pacemakers
iv catheter
virulent biofilm
s. saphrophyticus - UTI
S. lugdenesis - highly virulent CoNS
RX
MS beta lactam
nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
MR vancomycin
ROD
SPORES FORMING
STRICTLY ANAEROBIC GROWTH CLOSTRIDUM
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
C. PERFRINGENS
C. TETANI
C. BATULINUM
NOT ANAEROBIC BACILLUS
MOTILE
B. CEREUS :rice_ball:
clinical sxn: food poisoning :nauseated_face:
emetic form
heat resistant toxin
block ox-phos
incubation 1-5h
resolve <24h
clinical sxn: diarrhea :poop:
3 spore forming heat labile enterotoxins
incubation 8-16h
resolve <24h
cooled down then reheated fried rice
NON MOTILE B
B. ANTHRACIS
trans
spores from
infected animals
infected products
bioterrorism
virulent factor
anthrax toxin
edema factor - adenylate cyclase
lethal factor - protease cleaves
clinical sxn
inhalational :nose:
GI :
cutaenous anthrax
Rx
ciprofloxacin
+/- protein synthesis inhibitor
NO SPORES
MOTILE
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES :hotdog:
colony soil
trans
contaminated food
refrigerated (grow
4C)
but not reheated
infected
pregnant women
sepsis
abortion
preterm delivery
stillbirth
neonates
sepsis
CNS
immunocompromised elderly
sepsis
CNS
virulent factor
listeriolysin O - pore former
actin polymerization - spread
Rx
ampicillin
+/- gentamicin
NON MOTILE
CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIA
colony human - upper respiratory tract
trans
respiratory droplets
contact skin lesions
Rx
prevention
vaccination
immunity wanes so need repeat vaccine :syringe:
Td
Tdap
close contact prevention: antibiotic
Erythromycin
PCN + diphtheria antitoxin
virulent factor
diphtheria toxin
inhibit EF-2 = blocking protein synthesis
clinical sxn
sore throat
pseudomembrane
massive lymph node/neck edema
respiratory failure
myocarditis
paralysis
COAGULASE TEST
POSITIVE: STAPHYLOCOCCUS
NEGATIVE: STREPTOCOCCUS