Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure - Coggle Diagram
Pneumonia
-
-
aetiology
-
Atypical Pneuminae; leginonella pnuemophilia, mycoplams pneumoniae
CAP bacterial; streptoccus pneumoniae,staphylococus aureus (after URTI, empyema) , Haemophilus influenzae (COPD)
aspiration pneumoniae; klebisiella pneumonia (red-currant jelly sputum)- poor dentition, poor swallow, alcoholics, prolonged hospitalisation
-
signs
crackles heard on auscultaion, reduced breath sounds, coarse crepitations
-
-
-
-
-
Respiratory Failure
interpretation question
- Look at context does pH and C02 match e.g if pH acidic and there is hypercapnia this suggests respiratory
- if the abnormality in CO2 doesn’t make sense as the cause of the pH abnormality (e.g. normal or ↓ CO2 and ↓ pH), it would suggest that the underlying cause for the pH abnormality is metabolic.
-
- is the pH acidotic or alkaline
If abnormal, does this abnormality fit with the current pH (e.g. ↓HCO3– and acidosis)?
If the abnormality doesn’t make sense as the cause for the deranged pH, it suggests the cause is more likely respiratory (which you should have already known from your assessment of CO2).
Type 1
caused due to V/Q mismatch; perfusion to the lungs doesnt match the volume of air entering in out of the alveoli. As a result Pa02 will fall but PaC02 will rise. Which triggers a compensatory mechanism (inc alveolar ventilation) this correct the C02 but doesnt correct the level of oxygen
reduced ventilation normal perfusion e.g. pulmonary oedema, bronchoconstriction
-
-
Type 2
-
causes of hypoventilation inc (COPD, Opiates, Guillan Barre, obesity)
-
hypoxaemia; Pa02 value of less than 10, Pa02 value of less than 8kPa