Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Discourse, Structure in interactional discourse:, Discourse markers,…
Discourse
It is any sequence of sentences which makes up a complete unit or text. So the word "discourse" does not only refer to conversation, but here we are using it in the more general sense of a linguistic unit, spoken or written, larger than a sentence.
It is the mean by which we put our implicit knowledge of lexical, grammatical and other frameworks to use in our daily encounters and actions.
-
Cohesion: it is a blanket term for a range of linguistic signals and strategies which enable us to know that sentences belong together and in a particular sequence.
Cohesion can operate on both lexical level and a grammatical level. In a cohesive text we would expect there to be lexical links between sentences.
Repetition is an importannt strategy for achieving cohesion in a text. The repeated item may be a single word, aword group, a clause, and so on.
It is often used when there is a need to make frequent reference to a particular item or in order to achieve a particular effect.
Anaphor: when an element refers to a previous element, which is called antecedent (it can be a single phrase or a whole sentence). Anaphors are often pronouns, but also adverbs or determiners.
Cataphor: it refers forward and can be pronouns, adverbs or determiners. It sets up an expectation of information to come and alerts the audience to pay attention to what follows.
Pragmatics: it is the branch of linguistics which deals with the interpretation of meaning which is not explicit.
-
False start: when the speaker abandons the first structure of the sentence he/she began uttering and replaces it with another one.
-
Deixis refers to the way certain words indicate time, location or person within the context of utterance. Deictic words often operate in contrasting pairs.
-
-
-
Ellipsis is the omission from a clause or sentence of an element which can be inferred, usually because it is recovered from elsewhere in the text. It is another method to avoid repetition.
-
Register: it is what makes a piece of discourse distinct, since it is the configuration of its textual features and meanings as determined by a range of contextual factors, which will also affect the degree of formality in the text. They include:
-
-
-
-
Discourse markers
They are lexical items which perform the functions of indicating the relationship of one section of text to another; they can also indicate the speaker or writer's position in relation to the text.
They typically occur in writing. They have a metalinguistic function: they are linguistic items which draw attention to and indicate the way language is being used textually.
They can be:
1) adverbs
however, moreover, therefore, finally, in conclusion, in fact, in other words.
-
-
4) monitoring devices
I mean, mind you, you know, you see
-
-