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Regenerating Places - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Watergate Bay
        
        Helps the brain drain by training young people to work in extreme sports and restaurants.
        
        Helps troubled teens and provides skilled jobs, year round economy
      - Combined Universities in Cornwall
        
        Aims to improve higher education to reduce brain drain. Partners with prestigious universities such as Exeter
        
        Young and educated people move in. Creates all round economy and knowledge sector. Funded by EU. Raises house prices
      - Wave Hub
        
        Takes advantage of coast to create a research project based on wave energy
        
        Cost £28 million, no energy produced yet. However attracts new businesses
      - Superfast Broadband
        
        Helps geographical isolation by increasing internet speed across whole county
        
        Cost £132m, allows people to work from home and boosts the knowledge economy. Boosted economy by £154m
      - Eden Project
        
        Creates a year-round, environmentally friendly tourist attraction in an old quarry.
        
        Cost £140m. Creates year round jobs, 13m new tourists, local suppliers used. Added £1.1bn for the local economy, encouraging wider development
      - Reasons for deprivation:
        
        mechanisation of agriculture
        
        deindustrialisation of tin mining
        
        geographical isolation
        
        reliance on seasonal tourism
        
        brain drain
      - Farm diversification
    - - From 1960 to 1970, 83,000 jobs were lost as docks went empty
      - LDDC was created to cut through red tape, superceded local councils
      - Created Canary Wharf financial centre, docklands light railway, 50,000 new homes
      - Brought 120,000 new jobs to area
      - Local residents complain that they cannot take new jobs and land has been gentrified
    - - Cost £9.3bn
      - £14bn increase in the economy
      - Tourism grew by 6%
      - Sports facilities still in use such as velodrome
      - 25,000 new jobs, although half what was promised
      - Jobs in construction and training
      - Athletes village made into affordable homes
- - - - Local businesses want an increase in sales and business without too much competition
      - Local governments want to increase the numbers of taxpayers and reduce deprivation
      - Residents want high quality housing and facilities with a sense of attachment and belonging
      - National government want to fit local strategies into regional strategies
      - Property developers want to maximise profits
- - - - Administrative
      - Commercial
      - Industrial
      - Retail
    - - Gentrification
      - Studentification
      - Spiral of decline / deindustrialisation
      - Ethnic diversity
- - - - Good infrastructure - Australia's largest metro rail. Kingsford-Smith Airport
      - High property prices - median house price US$850,000. 16th most expensive in the world
      - High employment - ranked 11th in the world for economic opportunity. Alpha Global city. Largest economy in Australia
      - Inward migration - 45% of the population was born overseas
      - Low deprivation - area has HDI of 0.941
    - - Good infrastructure - Nowhere in the county is more than 8 miles from the M4
      - High property prices - detached house average price of £710,000
      - High employment - 3% unemployment in 2019, compared to 5% nationally. Thames Valley Business Park in Reading home to Microsoft and Oracle. M4 corridor "silicon valley"
      - Inward migration - population has grown 14.2% since 2002. Many come to buy second homes in the countryside
      - Low deprivation - area has HDI of 0.931, 2nd highest. Wokingham is the least deprived area in the UK
  - - - Worsening indicators - unemployment of 28%. 1/3 live below poverty line
      - Deindustrialisation - oil crisis in 1970s and rise of Japanese car industry caused white flight to suburbs, which destroyed the economy of the CBD
      - Negative perceptions - problems with crime and vandalism. Masses of abandoned buidlings. Riots and segregation through history
      - Poor quality of life - city can't afford basic services eg street lighting. City declared bankruptcy in 2013
      - Spiral of decline - 4th largest city in America in 1920s, now 24th
    - - Negative perceptions - consistently ranked in the worst towns to live in in the UK
      - Poor quality of life - 50% of wards are in the 10% worst deprived places in the UK, 30% in the 1% most deprived
      - Deindustrialisation - steel industry was wiped out in the 1980s. SSI Steelworks closed in 2015
      - Spiral of decline - 420k people in 1960, 360k in 2000
      - Worsening indicators - women in Middlesbrough have the second lowest life expectancy in England. Third worst place for crime in the country. 1/3 of pupils go schools that require employment
  - - - Result of government policy to put people in need of social security in one place
      - High levels of socio-economic deprivation, crime, domestic violence, drug abuse
      - Priorities for regeneration include improving standard of living and employment
    - - Priorities of regeneration include evening out socio-economic equalities to reduce social conflict
      - Segregation of socio-economic groups through isolated estates and surveillance
    - - Isolated settlement with a lack of opportunities that causes population decline. 700 rural pubs closed in 2010 alone
      - Priorities for regeneration include increasing community engagement and maintaining services
    - - High proportion of the population works elsewhere and local services and industries are lost
      - Priorities for regeneration include maintaining transport links and keeping local services running