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Quality Assurance and Quality Control - Coggle Diagram
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Quality
best described as being the fitness-for-purpose of a product, service or activity
quality can also be described as the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.
Quality assurance
planned and systematic actions necessary
to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given requirements for quality
documented plans and systems by which confidence in a product is provided and comprises all of the paperwork systems that are used to plan, control and record activities,
Quality control
Operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for quality.
Activities which monitor the quality of the product
inspection before, during and after welding
dimensional checks
non-destructive testing
checking materials
hydraulic or leak testing
Quality system
The organisation structures, responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources for implementing quality management.
Quality manual
A document setting out the general quality policies, procedures and practices of an organisation.
Procedure
A document that describes how an activity is to be performed and by whom.
Quality plan
A document setting out the specific quality practices, resources and sequence of activities relevant to a particular product, service, contract or project.
BS EN ISO 9001.
Purchaser supplied product, make sure that these items are also OK.
Product identification and traceability, what is it and where is it?
Purchasing, make sure we have the right products and services.
Process control, lets everyone know clearly how to make the product.
Inspection and test, describes how to inspect and test it.
Inspection, measuring and test equipment, make sure the equipment used is correct.
Inspection and test status, where is the product in the inspection cycle?
Control of non-conforming product, ensures incorrect product is not used.
Corrective action, find the root cause of the problem and solve it, this prevents recurrence of a problem.
Documentation controls, make sure the correct documents are available.
Design review and control; ensure smooth passage from drawing board to end product.
Contract review, allows personnel to see what the requirement is and who has been asked to do what.
Quality system - how does the system operate?
Management responsibility - who is responsible for what?
Handling, storage, packing and delivery, don't damage it now it's made.
Quality records, the need is for documented evidence that the company meet specific requirements.
Internal quality audits, are quality activities performing as planned?
Training, it cannot be manufactured effectively if people are not adequately trained and qualified.
Servicing, if carried out by the company, effective procedures are required, if not carried out in-house, procedures for ensuring the quality of subcontractors are required.
Statistical techniques use them to build-in product quality.
Quality Records
results obtained
positive identification of the material inspected to drawing or part number
quantities inspected
the signature or stamp of the person carrying out the inspection and date of inspection.
inspection performed
qualification of personnel
calibration of equipment
other records not directly related to the product.
Typical quality record contents
Welding procedures.
Welder approvals.
Where appropriate, as built drawings.
Welding consumable records.
Non-conformity reports and concession records.
Weld history records.
Records of stage inspections in the form of check sheets or quality plans.
Heat treatment records.
NDT reports.
Where appropriate, material test certificates.
Hydraulic and/or other testing records.
Final acceptance certificates.
Audits
Systematic and independent examinations to determine whether quality activities and related results comply with planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are implemented effectively and are suitable to achieve objectives.
two depths of audit
A systems audit which is quite shallow and simply examines the system to confirm that it follows the quality manual and that procedures are in place.
A compliance audit, which is an in depth audit examining compliance with procedures.
Auditing of documentation
Items to check
Is the documentation schedule in accordance with contract or specification requirements?
Does the documentation itself comply with contract or specification requirements? For example, are weld procedure and welders correctly qualified?
Is all the documentation available?
Is it the correct material composition?
Is the documentation legible?
Have all the interested parties eg inspection department, independent third party inspectors and client inspectors, signed off where required?
Has provision been made for storage? Which includes the ability to retrieve documents and the storage conditions to prevent deterioration?