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Urban Liveability - Coggle Diagram
Urban Liveability
Political Factors
Political Actors
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help to attract globally-mobil resources (talents, high net worth individuals, investors, innovators and capital)
restructure cities to be marketed to appeal global investors, favouring the dominance of economic interests in urban planning
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Environmental Factors
Brown Agenda
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provision of water, sanitation and drainage as well as large amounts of solid waste, air pollution and water pollution
Green Agenda
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focus on ecological sustainability and addressing issues related to resource degradation contributions to global environmental burdens and other problems outside cities
Socio Economic Factors
Inequalities
the need to ensure that all urban residents are benefitting from various opportunities afforded by a city
types of inequalities
spatial inequality → lower income priced out of the neighbourhood → lack of access to facilities and amenities
decline of inner cities → commercial / manufacturing activities → high income families leave central city for better locations → move to suburbs
spread of spatial inequalities to inner suburbs → due to council housing programmes undertaken by government as part of strategy to address inner city slums through slum clearance
Segregation
internal factors
groups finding themselves safe in particular areas of the city due to views that they hold abut groups → may result in acts of discrimination
gated communities → small residential streets → some minority groups come closer by clustering together to form a mutually supportive environment
Rio De Janeiro and Sao Paulo → presence of closed housing estate with their own infrastructure + Africa's rising gated communities due to prevalence of crime
external factors
city authorities and employers practise policies of only employing of offering housing to particular groups → cause them to be excluded from particular locations
discriminatory lending practices by banks → groups less able to secure loans and mortgages → force them to live in sub-standard properties in deprived areas