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Nervous system- Alexys Yanez P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous system-
Alexys Yanez P.2
Major functions of the nervous system
Control of bodies internal environment to maintain homeostasis
Ex: Regulating blood flow
Programs spinal cord reflexes
Ex: Stretch reflex
Memory and learning
Repetition is used to memorize key functions in the body
Voluntary control of movement
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (PNS )
Sympathetic NS
Leads the bodies involuntary response
Responds to : Dangerous or stressful situations
Ex: Accelerated heart rate
Parasympathetic NS
Controls the bodily functions when a person is at rest
Ex: Activating metabolism
Autonomic NS
Regulates the body's processes
EX: Blood Pressure
Central Nervous System
Somatic NS
Cranial Nerves
Nerve fibers that carry information into and out if the brain stem
Spinal cord
Column of nerves that allows u to control your movements
Brain : Processes and regulates your body
Spinal Nerves
Carry sensory information into motor commands (the spinal cord)
Tissues:
Neuroglia
Provides developmental, physiological, and metabolic support for neurons
Neurons
Sends and receives information and signals from the brain
Classification of neurons and Coverings
Neurotransmitters
Seratonin
Regulates appitite, sleep, meamory and learning...
Also regulates temperature, behavior, and muscle contractions
Acetycholine
Activates skeletal muscles in somatic NS ( nervous system)
Glumate
Used during modifiable synapses
Capable of increased and decreased strength
Spinal cord
Major Functions :
Motor
Directs voluntary muscle movements
Sensory
Monitors the sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
Autonomic
Regulates heart rate , digestion, etc
Major Parts
Thoratic
Holds the rib cage
Protects hearts
Protects lungs
Cervical
Gives structure to the neck
Supports the skull
Protects the spinal cord
Lumbar
Absorbs the stress of carrying large and heavy objects
Anatomy :
Cylindrical structure of NT
Grey matter
Serves to process information in the brain
White matter
Affects learning/ normal brain functions
Action potential
Stages :
Depolarization
A membrane potential becoming less negative
Repolarization
Cells decrease involtage due to K + ions
Hyperpolarization
Change in cells membrane potential that gradually makes it negative
Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves
Cranial
Types
Offactory
Transmits information to the brain regarding a person's sense smell
Optic
Transmits information to the brain regarding a persons vision
Oculomotor
Helps control muscle movements of the eye
Trochlear
Powers the contralateral superior oblique muscle that allows the eye to look down and up
Trigeminal
Largest cranial nerve that also has both motor and sensory functions
Abdunces
Helps the lateral rectus muscle turn the glaze outward
Facial
Nuclei that serve different functions
Movement of muscles that produce facial expressions
Movement of the lacrimal, submaxillary, and submandibular glands
Sense of taste
Sense of of the external ear
Vestibulocochlear
Involves a person's hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal
receives information from the ...
Provides movement to stylopharyngeus
Throat, tonsils, middle ear, and the back of tongue
Accesory
Provides motor function to some muscles in the neck
Hypoglossal
A motor nerve that supplies the tongue muscles
Spinal
Types: Cervical , thoratic, lumbar, and sacral
Mixed nerve
Carries the motor, sensory, and autonomic signals
Anatomy of the spinal cord
Reflex arc
Major parts
Receptors
Detects stimulis
Sensory neurons
Sends electrical impulses to relay a nuron
Motor neurons
sends electrical impulses to an effector
Effector:
Produces a response
Functions
Neurological and sensory mechanisms that control a reflex
Immediate response to a particular stimuus
Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Appetite , sleep, memory/ learning, temperature, mood, behavior, muscle contraction, function of cardiovascular system and endocrine system
Acetylcholine
Activates skeletal muscles in the somatic nervous system
Glutamate
Used at most modifiable synapses
Capable of increasing and decreasing in strength
Compare & contrast
Parasympathetic
Restores the body to a calm and composed state
Prevents exahustion
*Calm
Sympathetic
Fight or flight response
*On edge