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Cardiovascular System- Alexys Yanez P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System- Alexys Yanez P.2
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Transportation
Transports :
Nutrients
Gases
Waste
Protection
Protects from infection and blood loss
Fluid Balence
Helps maintain fluid balance throughout the body
Thermoregulation
Helps the body maintain a constant temperature
Anatomy of the heart
Chambers :
Right Atrium
Pumps oxygen rich blood into the left ventricle
Left Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood and sends it to the right ventricle
Right Ventricle
Pumps oxygen
Uses the pulmonary valve to the lungs
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygen rich blood
*Uses the aortic valve to the rest of the body
Valves:
Triscupid
Repairs and replaces
Pulmonary
"One way door"
Mitral
Separates the left atrium and left ventricle
Acts as a parachute during heart contractions
Aortic
Keeps the blood flow going into the direction it's supposed to
Separates left ventricle and the aorta
Layers of the heart
Epicardium
Serous membrane that forms the inner pericardium and the outer heart.
Outer layer
Myocardium
Cardiac muscle tissue
Contracts and releases involuntarily
Forms the heart
Middle layer
Endocardium
Smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
Thin layer
Inner Layer
Blood flow through the heart and body
Step 1:
The right ventricle pumps oxygen poor blood into the lungs through the pulmonary valve
Step 2:
The right atrium gets oxygen rich blood
Pumps to the left ventricle through the mitral valve
Step 3.
Left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood through the aortic valve
*Blood then spreads throughout the body
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Capillaries
Small blood vessels
Allows :
Oxygen
Nutrients
CO2
Waste
to pass to and from cells
Connects : arteries and veins
Capillaries
Contains oxygen rich blood
:
Breaks into smaller arteries during transportation
Transports from the heart to the body's tissue
Veins
Blood vessels that retrieve blood
Larger when closer to the heart
Inferior vena canva
Brings blood from the abdomen and legs to the heart
Superior vena canva
Bring blood from the head and arms to the heart
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac cycle :
Begins with atrial systole
Progresses to ventricular, atrial, and ventricular distole
ECG:
ECG is a medical test that detects abnormalities in the heart (cardiac issues)
Measures the electrical activity by using the heart's contractions
Relation of the two:
ECG is like an inside perspective if how diligently the cardiac cycle is preforming
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
High blood pressure
Hypertension
Condition in which the high force of blood is against the artery wall
Can be caused by an unhealthy lifestyle
CAD
Atherosclerotic heart disease
Disease in major blood vessels
Can be caused by built up plague in the walls of the coronary arteries
Heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Blockage of blood flow to the heart
Causes can include : Blocked arteries (caused by blood clots) and built up plaques
Congestive heart faliure
A chronic condition that is when the heart pumps irregularly
Causes of irregularity in heart include: High blood pressure and coronary artery disease
Strokes
Cerebrovascular accident
Damage to the brain due to low blood supply
Causes include : Broken blood vessel and a blocked artery
