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Digestive and Urinary System Katherine Lindberg, Period 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - examinations of the physical and chemical properties of urine
    - - hard deposits of minerals and acid salts that stick together in concentrated urine.
      - Treatment includes pain relievers and drinking lots of water to help pass the stone.
    - - occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious infections involve the kidney.
      - may cause pelvic pain, increased urge to urinate, pain with urination, and blood in the urine.
      - treatment: antibiotics
  - - - digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.
      - occurs when stomach acid or bile flows into the food pipe and irritates the lining.
      - treatment: over the counter medications
    - - sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine.
      - occur when stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract.
    - - disorders that involve chronic inflammation of your digestive tract.
      - Crohn's disease
        
        chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
        
        cannot be cured
- - - - allows passage of food, air, and fluids
    - - connects the pharynx to the stomach
    - - beginning of digestive process
    - - breask down food
      - stores food
    - - reabsorption of water, vitam,ins,a nd electrolytes
    - - pushes stool from rectum to anal canal
    - - major organ of digestion and absorption
  - - - store, concentrate bile
    - - pancreas
        
        secrete insulin and glucagon
      - liver
        
        excretes bile
      - salivary glands
        
        cleanses mouth
        
        dissolves food chemical for taste
        
        begins breakdown of starch
        
        moistens food
    - - gripping, re-positioning, and mixing food
      - formation of bolus, mixture of food an dsaliva
      - initiation of swallowing, speech, and taste
    - - mastication: chewing that grinds food into smaller fragments
- - - - excreting metabolic wastes, toxins, amd drugs
      - producing erythropoieten and renin
      - ensuring long term acid base balance
      - activating vitamin D
      - regulate ion concentration
      - carryuing out glucogenesis
      - regulate water volume and solute concentration
- - - - Amylase
        
        digestion for carboydrates
      - Lipases
        
        digestion for lipids
      - Nucleases
        
        fdigestion for nucleic acids
      - Proteases
        
        secretd in inactive form to prevent self digestion
        
        digestion for proteins
- - - - filtrate: plasma fluid that renal tubules process to form urine
    - - parietal layer: simple squamos
      - visceral layer: brnachin epithelial podocytes
  - - - Proximal Convuluted tubule (closest to corpuscle)
        
        functions in reabsorption and secretion
      - Nephron loop
        
        2 limbs
        
        Descending limb
        
        Ascending limb
      - Distal Convoluted tubule (farthest from corpuscle)
        
        function more in secretion that reabsoprtion
        
        drains into collecting duct
        
        collecting ducts have 2 cell type
        
        Princial cells: sparse with short microvilli
        
        maintain sodium and water balance
        
        Intercalated cells: cuboidal cells with abundant microvilli
- - - - helps organs regain shape after storing a large meal
    - - responsible for segmentation and peristalis
    - - secretes muscous, enxyms, and hormomes
      - absorbs end products
      - protects body againts infectious disease
    - - made up of visceral peritoneum