Daniel Luna P1 Digest Urinary

Major Functions of Digestive system

Major functions of the urinary system

Major organs of digestive

Major organs of urinary

Digestive enzymes

Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule

Layers of GI tract

Nephron anatomy and physiology

Disorders

absorption

Digestion

Breaks down nutrient molecules

absorbs nutrient molecules

mouth

stomach

saliva

teeth

esophagus

Rid body of indigestible remains

deglutition

mastication

breaks down complex carbs using enzyme amlyase

Breaks down fats using lingual lipase enzyme

Defacation

Uses acid and enzymes to further break down food

Hydrochlroric acid

Pepsin enzyme

Small intestine

Large intestine

Villi

Lacteals

Capillaries

Absorbs proteins and carbs

Absorbs fats

Absorbs water and salts

After absorption, breaks food down into feces to get rid of all the waste

GI Tract consists of

Stomach

Small Intestine

Esophagus

Large Intestine

Pharynx

Rectum

Mouth

Anus

All segments are divided into four layers

Mucosa

Consists of

Lamina Propia

Muscular mucosa

Epithelium

Functions

Absorption

Secretion

Secrets sticky mucous throughout the GI tract

Submucosa

supports the mucosa layer

Made up of

Irregular connective tissue

Loose connective tissue

Joins the mucosa to the underlying smooth muscle

Muscularis propia

consists of

inner circular muscle layer

intermuscular space

outer longitudinal muscle layer

Function

Muscle layers that performs peristalsis

Peristalsis: The rhythmic contraction of muscle that moves food down the GI tract

Serosa

Function

Consists of

Secretory epithelial layer

Thin connective tissue layer

To reduce the friction from muscle movements of the Muscularis propia layer

ureters

bladder

urethra

Kidneys

Functions

cleanse blood of toxins

Turn waste into urine

Structure

Cappilaries

Renal pyramid

Renal pelvis

Medulla

Supply blood and oxygen to tissue

Transport urine made in the cotical to the calyces

Collects urine from the calyces and sends it through the ureter

Regulates the concentration of urine

Transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Stores urine and contracts to send urine out of the urethra

Acts as the exit of urine, allowing the release of urine

Digestive

Urinary

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Diverticular Disease

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Open sore in the lining of stomach

Can also be in the upper portion of the small intestine

Treatments

antacids

proton pump inhibitors

Small pouches that form on the inner walls of the colon; often become inflamed

When the lower esophageal sphincter is weak stomach acid can often splash up through the esophagus, causing inflamation

Kidney stones

Kidney Infection

Urinary tract infection

High blood levels of calcium cause stone formation in kidneys

Often needed to be urinated out, causing pain and inflammation in the urethra

When a urinary tract infection goes untreated, bacteria can crawl up through the ureters, causing an infection in the kidneys. Can lead to sepsis if untreated

Bacterial infection that enters through the urethra. Infects the bladder and urethra. In extreme cases, can cause sepsis if untreated.

Alimentary canal

Accessory organs

Stomach

small intestines

Esophagus

Pharynx

Mouth

Large intestines

Tounge

Gallbladder

Liver

Teeth

Mastication

Speech, taste, and mixing food

Stores bild

Excretes bile

Pancreas

Stores insulin

Renal tubule

Renal corpuscle

Glomerulus capsule

Glomerulus

allows for filtration

Filters plasma fluid to form urine

Filters blood

Forms urine from filtrate from the glomerulus

Nephron loop

ascending

Descending

Convulated tubule

Secretes

Drains into collecting ducts

Pacreas

Produces pancreatic juice

Digestive Enzymes

Proteases

Amylase

Nucleases

Lipases

Nucleic acid

proteins

Carbs

Lipids

Filter blood

Through kidneys

Creates urine

Through filtering plasma solution and waste

Done by kidneys

Balance pH and electrolytes

Done by kidneys

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acid

Carbohydrates

Digested in the small intestine

Digested into nitrogen bases and sugars

Digested in the stomach and the duodenum

Digested into amino acids

Digested in the small intestines

Digested into fatty acids and glycerol

Digested in the small intestine

Broken down and digested into simple sugars