Daniel Luna P1 Digest Urinary
Major Functions of Digestive system
Major functions of the urinary system
Major organs of digestive
Major organs of urinary
Digestive enzymes
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Layers of GI tract
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Disorders
absorption
Digestion
Breaks down nutrient molecules
absorbs nutrient molecules
mouth
stomach
saliva
teeth
esophagus
Rid body of indigestible remains
deglutition
mastication
breaks down complex carbs using enzyme amlyase
Breaks down fats using lingual lipase enzyme
Defacation
Uses acid and enzymes to further break down food
Hydrochlroric acid
Pepsin enzyme
Small intestine
Large intestine
Villi
Lacteals
Capillaries
Absorbs proteins and carbs
Absorbs fats
Absorbs water and salts
After absorption, breaks food down into feces to get rid of all the waste
GI Tract consists of
Stomach
Small Intestine
Esophagus
Large Intestine
Pharynx
Rectum
Mouth
Anus
All segments are divided into four layers
Mucosa
Consists of
Lamina Propia
Muscular mucosa
Epithelium
Functions
Absorption
Secretion
Secrets sticky mucous throughout the GI tract
Submucosa
supports the mucosa layer
Made up of
Irregular connective tissue
Loose connective tissue
Joins the mucosa to the underlying smooth muscle
Muscularis propia
consists of
inner circular muscle layer
intermuscular space
outer longitudinal muscle layer
Function
Muscle layers that performs peristalsis
Peristalsis: The rhythmic contraction of muscle that moves food down the GI tract
Serosa
Function
Consists of
Secretory epithelial layer
Thin connective tissue layer
To reduce the friction from muscle movements of the Muscularis propia layer
ureters
bladder
urethra
Kidneys
Functions
cleanse blood of toxins
Turn waste into urine
Structure
Cappilaries
Renal pyramid
Renal pelvis
Medulla
Supply blood and oxygen to tissue
Transport urine made in the cotical to the calyces
Collects urine from the calyces and sends it through the ureter
Regulates the concentration of urine
Transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Stores urine and contracts to send urine out of the urethra
Acts as the exit of urine, allowing the release of urine
Digestive
Urinary
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Diverticular Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Open sore in the lining of stomach
Can also be in the upper portion of the small intestine
Treatments
antacids
proton pump inhibitors
Small pouches that form on the inner walls of the colon; often become inflamed
When the lower esophageal sphincter is weak stomach acid can often splash up through the esophagus, causing inflamation
Kidney stones
Kidney Infection
Urinary tract infection
High blood levels of calcium cause stone formation in kidneys
Often needed to be urinated out, causing pain and inflammation in the urethra
When a urinary tract infection goes untreated, bacteria can crawl up through the ureters, causing an infection in the kidneys. Can lead to sepsis if untreated
Bacterial infection that enters through the urethra. Infects the bladder and urethra. In extreme cases, can cause sepsis if untreated.
Alimentary canal
Accessory organs
Stomach
small intestines
Esophagus
Pharynx
Mouth
Large intestines
Tounge
Gallbladder
Liver
Teeth
Mastication
Speech, taste, and mixing food
Stores bild
Excretes bile
Pancreas
Stores insulin
Renal tubule
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus capsule
Glomerulus
allows for filtration
Filters plasma fluid to form urine
Filters blood
Forms urine from filtrate from the glomerulus
Nephron loop
ascending
Descending
Convulated tubule
Secretes
Drains into collecting ducts
Pacreas
Produces pancreatic juice
Digestive Enzymes
Proteases
Amylase
Nucleases
Lipases
Nucleic acid
proteins
Carbs
Lipids
Filter blood
Through kidneys
Creates urine
Through filtering plasma solution and waste
Done by kidneys
Balance pH and electrolytes
Done by kidneys
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrates
Digested in the small intestine
Digested into nitrogen bases and sugars
Digested in the stomach and the duodenum
Digested into amino acids
Digested in the small intestines
Digested into fatty acids and glycerol
Digested in the small intestine
Broken down and digested into simple sugars