Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Reproductive system- Michelle Llamas - p.6 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive system- Michelle Llamas - p.6
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
External Genitalia
Mon pubis
fatty pad over pubic symphasis
Labia
skin folds around the vaginal opening
Vestibule
area enclosed by labia minora
Clitoris
erectile tissue, becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
Ovaries
female gonad
primary female sex organ
fibrous capsule =
Tunica albuginea
Inner Medulla
contain loose connective tissue with blood vessels and nerves
Support for ovaries
suspensory ligament
secures ovary to lateral walls of pelvis
Ovarian Ligament
attach ovary to uterus
Broad Ligament
encloses suspensory ligament
Oogenesis
produce
ova/ ovum ( egg cells)
females are born with all the eggs they will have their entire lifetime
Ovulation
ability to release egg, begins at puberty
reproducing ends at menopause
oocytes are matured in ovarian follices
mature
oocyte = Graafian follicle
VAGINA
MAMMARY GLANDS
modified sweat glands
stimulated by sex hormones to increase in size for females
present in male and female
produce milk, lactation
@ puberty the breasts develop because milk ducts are growing because of fat and milk ducts
behind bladder and in front of rectum
birth canal
receives the penis during intercourse
Ductus system
delivery of female gamete
uterine ( fallopian tube)
uterus
vagina
Hormones of the reproductive system
Female & male sex hormones
Gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH)
released by hypothalamus in the brain
stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH)
stimulate the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
hormone will trigger ovulation of the mature follicle
Inhibin
decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
Estrogen
primary female sex hormone in ovary
stimulate growth of uterus, vaginal, ovum maturation
low level release of FSH
high level release of LH and GnRH
thicken uterine wall
secondary sex characteristics
breast development
widening of hips
body hair
fat beneath skin
estrogen and progesterone required for breast development
progesterone
trigger suppression of hypothalamus
development of growth & lining of uterine wall
prepare for implantation and mammary gland for lactation
maintains pregnancy
estrogen, inhibin, and progesterone released by
CORPUS LUTEUM
- Androgens
responsible for developing secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone
regulates sex drive
bone mass
fat distribution
muscle mass
sperm
Major functions of the Reproductive system(male and female)
female _ the production of the female gamete and prepare for support of the developing embryo during pregnancy
male _ function to produce and disseminate the male gamete
produce sperm and deliver to the egg
egg production
oogenesis
fertilization
fusion of egg and sperm
Events of the female hormonal cycles (be sure to include all categories)
Ovarian cycle
occurs in the ovaries, leads to maturation and ovulation of oocyte
-->
follicular phase
- before ovulation
luteal phase
- after ovulation
FOLLICULAR PHASE
Day 1-14
beginning of menstruation until ovulation
FSH causes follicular cells to develop into primary follices
OVULATION
trigger spike increase of LH, caused by increase of estrogen
Day 14
Graafian follicle releases the oocyte
rise in progesterone
LUTEAL PHASE
Day 15-28
follicle expels oocyte and the empty shell becomes the corpus luteum
corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen, and inhibin, it suppresses FSH
2. Uterine Cycle
occur in the uterus, prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized ovum
made up of
menstrual phase
proliferative phase
before ovulation
s
ecretory phase
after ovulation
MENSTRUATION
decline estrogen and progesterone
Day 1-5
spiral arteries constrict and the cells become ischemic and die
bleeding last for 3-5 days
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of endometrium
Day 6-14
doubles in thickness
thickened endometrium allows the ovulated egg to cause implantation
the uterus is preparing for the egg
SECRETORY PHASE
the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy because of the rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum
the uterine glands get bigger and the nutrients are secreted
preparing for implantation
when pregnancy does not occur, the LH levels drop bc of high progesterone
the progesterone drops and this leads into the menstrual cycle
Disorders associated with the reproductive system(including STI’s)
erectile dysfunction
the inability to obtain or maintain an erection
epididymitis
an inflammation of the epididymis
prostate cancer
when glandular cells of the prostate mutate into tumor cells
testicular cancer
rare,
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease , infection of the uterus
Chlamydia
a sexually transmitted disease, infection during sex in men and women
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
gonads
testes, primary sex organ
produce gametes
the hormone secreted is testosterone
Gametes
diploid
46 total
haploid
23 total
sperm is the male gamete
ductus system
delivery of male gamete
accessory organs
seminal vesicle
produces 60% semen, vitamin c and other substances that nourish semen and activate it
prostate gland
help activate sperm
bulbourethral gland
lubricate penis for penetration before ejaculation
epididymis
matures and stores sperm cell
ductus deferens
carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
urethra
carries sperm and urine
External Genitalia
penis
scrotum
Spermatogenesis
begins at puberty ( production of sperm cells)
produce millions of sperm every day
move to epididymis for maturation and storage
Anatomy of Sperm
HEAD
contain nucleus with DNA inside
ACROSOME
anterior portion of head
contain enzyme needed to penetrate the female egg
MIDPIECE
contain mitochondria, supply energy
FLAGELLA
only human cell with tail
SEMEN
milky white mixture
provide transport medium for sperm
inhibits bacterial multiplication
SCROTUM
regulate temperature of testes for sperm
PENIS
delivers semen to female and urine to the exterior