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digestive system - Coggle Diagram
digestive system
disorders of digestive system
esophagus problems
STRICTURE: narrowing of esophagus
ACHALASIA: difficulty for food to pass through
ESOPHAGITIS
rectal problems
ANAL FISSURE: tear in lining of anus
HEMORRHOIDS: swollen veins in anus
PROCITIS: inflammation of rectum
stomach problems
GASTRITIS
GASTRIC ULCERS
liver problems
HEPATITIS B OR C: irritation and swelling
CIRRHOSIS: scarring of liver
LIVER FAILURE
pancreatic problems
PANCREATITIS
PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST: swelling of pancreas, fluid filled sac in abdomen
digestive enzymes
proteins (stomach & small intestine)
proteins & peptides & amino acides
pepsin: -> protein-> peptides
protease: peptide-> amino acids
carbohydrates (mouth & small intestine)
polysaccharides -> disaccharides & monosaccharides
amylase: poly & disaccahrides
maltase(di and mono) : glucose
lactose (di and mono): glucose and glactose
sucrase ( di and mono) : glucose& fructose
DNA/ RNA (pancreas
nucleic acid-> nucleotides
nuclease-> nucleotides
lipids (small intestine)
fats-> fatty acids
lipase -> fatty acids & glycerol
location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecules
proteins
stomach
small intestine
lipids
small intestine
DNA/RNA
pancreas
carnohydrates
mouth
small intestine
layers of GI tract
Mucosa
MOCUS MEMBRANE : produces mucus for reduction of friction & protection
EPITHELIUM: simpler columnar in intestine for absorption & secretion
LAMINA PROPIA: blood & lymphatic vessels for nourishment & immunity
MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE: two thin layers of smooth muscles
submucosa
areolar connective tissue & elastic fibers
SUBMOCUSAL PLEXUS: automatic nerve supply
glands and lymphatic tissue
Moscularis layer
MUSCLE LAYER: two layers of smooth muscles to allow peristalsis & segmantation
inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer
mouth, pharynx, superior esophagus & anal sphinter
MYESNTRIC PLEXUS: nerves
serosa
outer covering of the GI tract
SEROUS MEMBRANE: thin layer of areolar connective tissue & simple squamous epithelium
produces serous fluid & lubrication
covers inside of organs
major functions of digestive system
primary processes
inegstion: eating/ taking food in mouth
digestion: physical and chemical
motility/ propulsion: mixing & movement of food by muscles
secretion: release of mucus, acid, bile, and enzymes
absoorption: taking in of nutrients passed to blood or lymph
elimination/ defication: removal of waste: undigested food from body
mechanical digestion
physical breaking of large food pieces into smaller ones
mastication: chewing movement (mouth)
segmentation: mixing/ churning movement (stomach)
chemical digestion
breaks down food using chemicals and can be absorbed by cells in the body
works with enzymes (ase)
major organs of digestive system
alimentary Canal ( GI Tract)
long, irregular shaped tube open @ both ends (30ft)
MOUTH: opening for food to enter (ingestion)
PHARYNX: cavity lying behind mouth
ESOPHAGUS: muscular tube leading to stomach
STOMACH: mixing and holding chamber
SMALL INTESTINE: mechanical/ chemical digestion, and absoption
LARGE INTESTINE: digestion of bacteria, absorption of water & salt, form, store and eliminate waste
accessory organs
TEETH: mastication of food into smaller pieces
TONGUE: muscle which mixes food with saliva
LIVER: secrete bile into gallblader
GALLBLADDER: stores excess biler for liver& concentrates & stores bile
PANCREAS: secretes pancreatic juice