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Digestive System Joceline Marquez p5 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive System Joceline Marquez p5
Major functions of the digestive system
absorption
small intestine (90%)
proteins (blood)
fats (lacteals)
carbohydrates (blood)
vitamins
water
minerals
large intestine (10%)
water
vitamin k and b complex
chemically digested food moves from intestine into blood and lymph
primary processes
mobility/ propulsion- mixing and movement
secretion- releases mucus, acid, bile, and enzymes for digestion aid
digestion- physical and chemical breakdown
absorption- taking nutrients in to be passed
ingestion- eating/ taking food into mouth
elimination/ defication- removal of waste and undigested food
digestion
mechanical digestion
mastication- chewing
segmentation- mixing/ churring
physical breaking of large food pieces into smaller pieces
peristalsis- wave/ wave/ rippling
chemical digestion
breaks food into smaller chemicals that can be absorbed
works with enzymes
saliva in mouth/ gastric juice in stomach
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Carbohydrates
amylase: poly to di
polysaccharides to disaccharides and monosaccharides
disaccharides to monosaccharides
lactase to glucose and galactose
sucrase to glucose and fructose
maltase to glucose
DNA/ RNA
nuclease to nucleotides
nucleic acid to nucleotides
Proteins
pesin: protein to peptide
protease: peptide to amino acid
proteins to peptides to amino acids
Lipids
fats to fatty acid
lipase to fatty acids and glycerol
Major organs of the digestive system
Small Intestine
mechanical digestion- segmentation and peristalsis
chemical digestion and absorption
lactase
sucrase
peptidases
maltase
intestinal enzymes
intestinal lipase
Large Intestine
subdivisions
ascending colon
transverse colon
cecum
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
absorption of water and salt
digestion by bacteria
Stomach
glands secrete gastric juices
forms chyme for food
mixing and holding chamber
food exits through pyloric sphincter
Esophagus
passageway for food only
propulsion
connects pharynx to stomach
Liver
converts carbohydrates and proteins into fats
responsible for many metabolic activities
secrete bile into duodenum
stores oxygen, iron, and vitamin A, D, B12
Mouth
roof- hard and soft palate, vulva
floor- formed by tongue and muscles
masticates and lubricates food with saliva
structures
tongue- muscle, taste receptors, mixes food and saliva
palate- roof
teeth- breakdown for food
uvula- muscle, covers nasopharynx
lips- keeps food in mouth
salivary glands- saliva production
ingestion
Gall Bladder
stores excess bile for liver
concentrates and stores bile produced in liver
GI Tract
submucosa
muscular layer
mucosa
serosa
Pancreas
secretes pancreatic juive into duodenum
digests enzymes into nutrients
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
proteins- stomach, small intestine, and pancreas
water- small and large intestine
carbohydrates- mouth, small intestine, and pancreas
fats- small intestine
carbohydrates- mouth and small intestine
vitamins- small and large intestine
lipids- small intestine and pancreas
minerals- small intestine
nucleic acids- pancreas
Disorders of the digestive system
hepatitis- inflammation of liver
cirrhosis- chronic inflammation of liver
gall stone- obstruction of common hepatic duct
appendicitis- inflammation of appendix
jaundice- excessive amounts of bile in blood
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Muscular Layer
mouth, pharynx, superior esophagus, and anal sphincter- voluntary muscle
2 layers of smooth muscle for peristalsis and segmentation
inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer
myenteric plexus
Serosa
covers outside of abdominal organs
produces serous fluid for lubrication
serous membrane
Submucosa
submucosal plexus- autonomic nerve supply
glands and lymphatic tissue
major blood vessels
Stomach
body- main central part
pylorus- separates pylorus from duodenum
cardia and the fundis- separates fundis from esophagus
Mucosa
epithelium
protection against friction
absorption and secretion
varies by location
lamina propia
contains blood and lymphatic vessels
lymph node for nourishment and immunity
mucous membrane- produces mucus
muscularis mucosa- 2 thin layers of smooth muscle