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THERMODYNAMICS, h=u+pV (kJ/kg), PE=mgh (kJ), NAME NORLIANA ELLISYA BINTI…
THERMODYNAMICS
ENERGY TRANSFER
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INTERNAL ENERGY
there are two of energy interaction associated with a closed system
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ENERGY TRANSFER BY WORK
WORK is the energy transfer associated with a force acting through a distance
Work done per unit mass:
w=W/m (kJ/kg)
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LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
FIRST LAW
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Law of conversation of Energy Stated that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
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ZEROTH LAW
Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately are in thermal equilibrium with each other
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THERMODYNAMICS PROCESSES
ISOTHERMAL PROCESS
- A change of a system, in which the temperature remains constants ΔT = 0.
- The equation of isothermal process, PV = constant.
- Work done during the isothermal process:
ISOBARIC PROCESS
- A thermodynamic process in which pressure stays constant: ΔP = 0.
- Equation of isobaric process: V/T = constant.
- Work done during the isobaric process:
ISOCHORIC PROCESS
- A thermodynamic process in which volume remains constant.
- Equation of isochoric process: P/T = constant.
- There is no work done by the gas in an isochoric process.
ADIABATIC PROCESS
- A thermodynamic process in which no heat flows between the system and the surroundings.
- Equation of adiabatic process:
- Work done during the adiabatic process:
TEMPERATURE
T (K) = T (°C) + 273.15
T (R) = T (°F) + 459.67
T (°F) = 1.8T (°C) + 32
T(R) = 1.8T (K)
ΔT(K) = ΔT(°C)
ΔT(R) = ΔT(°F)
PRESSURE
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
- The pressure of having no matter inside a space, or a perfect vacuum.
- Pabs = Pg + Patm
GAUGE PRESSURE
- The pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
- Positive for pressures above atmospheric pressure, and negative for pressures below it.
- Pg = Pabs - Patm
VACUUM PRESSURES
- Pressures below atmospheric pressure
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related to a motion and influence of some external effect such as (gravity ,magnetism, electricity and surface tension)
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the difference is an energy interaction is heat transferif its driving force is a temperature difference.otherwise it is work
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- system and surrounding has same temperature
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The transfer of energy from the more energetic particle of a substance to a adjacent less energetic ones as a result of interaction between particles
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The transfer of energy between solid surface and the adjacent fluid that is in motion , and it involve the combined effect of conduction and fluid motion.
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