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hormones - Coggle Diagram
hormones
menstrual cycle
- FSH from pituitary causes a follicle to mature
- the maturing follicle produces oestrogen
- oestrogen causes the uterus lining to be built up and LH to be released
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- Follicle turns into corpus luteus and releases progesterone
- Progesterone prepares uterus lining. it also decreases the production of LH & FSH
controlling fertility
The combined pill
contains oestrogen which causes the uterus lining to get thicker and inhibits FSH so eggs no longer mature
also contains progesterone which inhibits FSH, if there is no FSH the eggs dont mature
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type 1 diabetes
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the concentration of glucose in the blood is monitored and controlled by the pancreas. when the pancreas detects too much glucose, insulin is released. the insulin causes the glucose to be converted into glycogen which is stored in the cells and not in the blood.
people with type 1 dont have insulin made by the pancreas and therefore the levels of glucose doesn't drop. when glucose levels get too high, insulin is injected into the fat layers. it can be controlled by diet, exercise and regular medication
- cause: the immune system has damaged the persons insulin secreting pancreatic cells, so the person does not produce insulin.
- control: they have to inject insulin into the fat. they have to work out the right amount of insulin to inject so that the blood glucose concentration is kept within safe limits
adrenaline and thyroxine
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when the conc of thyroxine in the blood is too low, this stimulates a corrective mechanism. the hypothalamus secretes more TRH which causes the pituitary to produce more TSH. as a result, the thyroid produces more thyroxine. if the thyroxine conc is too high, this inhibits TRH production by the hypothalamus, so less thyroxine is produced.
adrenaline - released from the adrenal glands in response to sudden stress. it brings about the 'fight or flight' response
thyroxine - controlls metabolic rate. this is the rate at which cells respire. it is measured as the rate of energy transfers in the body
effects of adrenaline
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- constricts some blood vessels to make blood pressure higher
- dialiates other blood vessels to increase blood flow to muscles
- causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, which is released into the blood
the heart beating faster means that oxygen is carried around the body faster, because this allows faster respiration in muscle cells, energy is released for cell contraction faster.
the blood glucose conc also increases, making more glucose available for respiration in muscle cells
production an transport
they are produced by endocrine gland and are released into the blood until they reach their target organ.
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the heart
the heart pumps blood around the body. the heart and blood vessels together make up the circulatory system, which delivers oxygen and nutrients such as glucose to all parts of the body.