History
concepts
perspective
definition: different point of view
to walk in someone else's shoes
what are people's opinions? why do they have them?
continuity and change
definition:
continuity: factors that have stayed the same
change: factors that differentiate from it's previous state
some things stay the same while other change
example:
continuity: lessons during Covid 19
change: human isolation due the pandemic
cause and effects
cause
why has it happened?
why was there a fight?
what was the historical context?
effect
the impact of the cause
after the initial event
example: car crash
example: distracted driver
evidence
definition
sources that justify and back up that something happened
facts, data, artefacts
can be classified as primary or secondary sources
primary
a first hand record of an event
made or written at the time of the event
example: diaries, journals
secondary sources
an interpretation of a primary sources
made or written after the event
example: textbooks
significance
definition: what makes a source or event historically important
why was it important?
how big were the impacts it left?
are the effects still being felt today?
contestability
definition:
the argument about why and how something happened
it's importance and the reliability of the given evidence
a debate
linked to perspective #
other causes of WW2
WW1 left many countries across Europe devastated
nations used all available resources for the war, so it was limited
over 8 million soldiers and sailors lost
all most the same amount of civilians died
21 million people wounded
almost immediately after the war ended, in 1918, the world was hit with the Spanish Flu pandemic
lasted a year
death of over 30 million people
Treaty of Versailles
In aim for rebuilding Europe and ensuring ongoing peace
January 1919, the leaders of 32 nations met at the Paris Peace Conference
including four major power, Britain, France, America, and Italy
France wanted revenge and compensation for the damages done and wanted to weaken Germany so it would never be able to take up arms again
with the treaty, America wanted to achieve lasting peace with a treaty that punished Germany, but not to severe that they would want revenge one day.
the treaty was signed on the 28th of June
German public opposed to the terms
German Government knew that if they chose not to sign the treaty, troops would invade and Germany didn't have the resources to defend themselves
Terms:
as part of the treaty of Versailles, Germany was required to:
surrender large sections of it's territory and all of it's over sea colonies
limit it's army to only 100,000 men who were mostly volunteers
prohibit from farming and processing an airforce, tanks, submarines or heavy artillery
accept all responsibility for starting WW1, forced to pay respirations ( compensation)
pay 7 billions pounds ($626 Australia billion dollars)
league of nations
an internal organisation formed at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
main aim: maintain world peace/prevent future wars
encouraged countries to negotiate rather than to engage in military conflict
42 countries joined the LON
idea suggested by US president Wilson. However, USA did not join ( America didn't want to be involved in the Europe's affair)
eventually failed
major cause for WW1: Hitler and the rise of the Nazi Party
Germany's civil unrest
the Nazi party
roaring twenties
after WW1, in the 1920s, Germany was enduring economic downfall due to struggling to meet the terms of the treaty #
in contrast to other nation who's economies were prospering
America came out of WW1 victorious and lead to:
cultural and economic change known as the Roaring Twenties
increase in the economy and production
increase in inventions and innovations
banks started giving loans to everyone
investments increased which increased stock market
Banks started borrowing money from customer bank accounts to buy more stocks
the great depression
1929 October 24 - Black Friday
prices of stocks crash
millions of stock start selling everyday
$14 billion lost in one day.
severely impacting America's wealth
people who took out loans were now in debt
companies closed down, unemployment sky rocketed
The great depression impacts were felt on global scale
Germany was one of the worst affected nations during this time, suffering:
mass unemployment
record price rises
falls in the standard of living
workers went on strike, German currency depreciated in value and the economy suffered as foreign investors moved their money out of Germany
in Germany 1920, the national socialist German Workers; party (Nazi Party)
in 1921, Adolf Hitler was elected chairman
ideology:
foundation based on German nationalism
antisemitism (hostility towards Jews)
stab in the back myth: the idea that Germany was betrayed by Jewish people and was not defeated in WW1
the party originally failed, ring leaders like Hitler were given short prison sentences
Hitler determined to win power legally but could not since party didn't receive majority of votes
Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany
The Third Reich
The Third Reich: the period of time that Hitler began to put his beliefs in practice after coming into power
during this period of time
jewish people became the primary target
no personal freedom
people encouraged to report on friends, family, and neighbours, suspected of disloyalty,
punishment was severe
Hitler's rise to power
Hitler combined the roles of chancellor and president
Hitler's government started implementing many plans and policies
persecution of the Jewish community
expansion of the military
compulsory sterilisation of Jewish people and those with disabilities
start of the war
1 sept 1939 Nazi invade Poland
3 sept 1939 England and France declare war on Germany
fall of Hitler
hitler;s popularity remained strong for the first 3 years of war
Germany suffered harsh military losses and German cities were regularly bombed
Hitler's popularity decreased with the German public
Hitler eventually withdrew from public life and directed operation from his underground bunker
Hitler took his life in 1945