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Digestive and Urinary System Melissa Maldonado, b6c052cd6e8c203788924bd5ee…
Digestive and Urinary System Melissa Maldonado
Major Functions of the Digestive System
Absorption
The small intestine is the one that absorbs the nutrients
Small intestine breaks down things like proteins into amino acids and sugars to simple sugars
Large intestine is part of absorption when it comes to water
Also it is meant to eliminate any undigested foods
The nutrients are the ones that fuel our body
Elimination
Anything not absorbed is stored into the rectum
stool exits through the anus
Digestion
Food needs to be made into smaller bits in order to be digested fully
Digestive system starts with your mouth were the food is broken down into smaller pieces
Very important function when it comes to making sure that our body will receive all the nutrients
Food then after chewed by teeth goes to the stomach from the esophagus
Major organs of the Digestive System
large intestine
the large intestine is made up of the cecum, colon and also the rectum
the function of the large intestine is to absorb water as well as salts
the rectum is were stool is stored
through the ileocaecal valve the food that goes from the small intestine to the large is controlled
anus
this is the part were stool is able to get out of the body
from the rectum it goes to through the anus
small intestine
the small intestine is made up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum
the small intestine breaks down food and absorbs the nutrients
function is digestion and absorbtion
the villi are finger -like projections that help with the small intestine absorption
liver
the liver makes bile
the bile is what helps digest fats and even vitamins
stomach
This is were your food goes after it goes down the esophagus
the stomach temporarily holds food
Chemical Digestion occurs
chief cells are secrete digestive enzymes which is pepsin
pepsin breaks down the proteins
parietal cells are in the stomach and they secrete hydrochloric acid
pancreas
the function is to make enzymes
enzymes break down fats, sugars and starches
The pancreas also makes hormones
esophagus
part of the alimentary canal
it is the passage way for food to reach the stomach
the epiglottis is a flap that makes sure your food literally goes down your esophagus and not trachea
gallbladder
it stores the bile that the liver makes
it sends the bile to the digestive tract when it is needed
mouth
The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system
The mouths function is for food/ air to go through the body
The mouth contains teeth which help break down the food
the mouth also contains the tongue which helps move the food and eventually food turns into bolus
Mechanical Digestion
the salivary glands are what allow for the food to go down smoothly
pharynx
Also known as the throat
passage way for food to go to the esophagus and later the stomach
Major Functions of the Urinary System
Eliminate waste from the body
kidneys are the producers of urine
The bladder is the one that stores the urine
Filter blood/ maintain blood pressure
kidneys filter your blood
the kidneys, ureters and the bladder are part of the urinary tract
kidneys regulate the water volume
Kidneys are the reason for acid base balance
Also regulate solute concentration
Major organs of the Urinary system
uterus
there are two and their function is to carry the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
the ureters have muscles that have muscles that push the urine downward
urine can go back up the tube and can even cause a kidney infection
urinarybladder
the function of the urinary bladder is to temporarily hold urine
when the bladder is empty it collapses
in some extreme cases the bladder can explode if it is to filled
a muscular sac
can hold one pint
kidneys
function is to filter the blood and also to make urine
makes erythropoietin which regulates blood pressure
nephrons are structures in the kidneys
neprhrons are the ones that make the urine
the filtration of blood occurs int he glomerulus
urethra
this is the tube that allows for urine to get out of the body
in males the urethra also serves as a place were semen is created
sphincter
this is what controls the flow of the urine
they are two muscles
Digestive Enzymes
salivary amylase
found in the salivary glands
function is to break down starch
pepsin
it is made by the pancreas
function is break down the proteins into polypeptides
trypsin
an enzyme that digests proteins
the proteins are digested in the small intestine
maltase
its function is to break down maltose into glucose
found in the small intestine
lipase
function is to break down fats
it is produced in the pancreas, and stomach
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
carbohydrates
they are digested in the stomach
through the use of pancreatic amylase they're further broken down
then they are absorbed into the blood stream
protiens
protein digestion occurs in the small intestine
in the small intestine is were proteins are absorbed
they are absorbed by the help of micro villi
nucleic acids
they are digested in the small intestine
they are broken down by pancreatic enzymes as well as enzymes in the small intestine
they are absorbed in the small intestine
Layers of the GI tract
submusosa
this layer is above the mucosa
helps the stomach go back to its shape through the use of elastic fibers
contains blood vessels and lymph vessels
it is made of areolar connective tissue
muscularis externa
this layer is above the submucosa
it allows for propulsion to occur (move food)
it also forms sphincters in the GI tract
Allows for segmentation
Mucosa
it is the inner most layer and also lines the lumen
The function is to absorb nutrients into both lymph and blood
Function is to secrete enzymes and mucus as well
serosa
outermost layer
made mostly of areolar ct
function is to be a lubricator
makes sure no friction
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Afferent Arteriole
Its function is to deliver blood to the glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Function is to carry the filtered blood out of the glomerulus
glomerulus
it is capillaries which filter blood and plasma proteins
enter through the afferent and exit through the efferent arterioles
Proximal convulated tubule
function is to reabsorb water as well as to receive the filtrate from glomerular
Descending loop
function is ton reabsorb water from filtrate
Ascending loop
Function is to reabsorb chloride and sodium
Collecting Duct
function is to transport the urine into the renal pelvis
