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Digestive/Urinary System Marysa-May Hammond Per 1 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive/Urinary System
Marysa-May Hammond Per 1
major functions of the digestive system
take in food
break food down into nutrient molecules
eliminates indigestible remains
absorb the molecules into the blood stream
major functions of the urinary system
regulates water volume
producing and creating urine
regulating pH balance
filters the blood
major organs of the digestive system
Mouth (oral orifice)
teeth
grind and tear food into smaller substances
tongue
initiates swallowing; repositions food and mixes food
salivary glands create mucous and mix with food
pharynx
entrance of passageway so that food can enter the esophagus
esophagus
long, muscular tube that allows food to pass through to the stomach
stomach
storage tank for food; proteins digest and enzymes causes chemical digestion in the stomach
Liver
secretes the bile
gallbladder
where bile is stored
pancreas
makes pancreatic fluids and enzymes
small intestines
the site of a majority of absorption and digestion processes
subsections
duedenum
jejunum
lleum
large intestines
site of vitamin and water absorption
subsections
cecum
colon
anal canal
major organs of the urinary system
kidneys
maintain internal environment of body
regulates the acid-base balance
excretes wastes, toxins, drugs
activates vitamin D
ureters
carries the urine from kidneys to the bladder
urinary bladder
temporary storage area for urine
urethra
a tube that transports urine form the urinary bladder to outside the body
digestive enzymes
lipases
lipids
proteases
proteins
amylase
carbohydrates
nucleases
nucleic acid
enzymes are secreted in the pancreas
location of digestion and absorption
small intestine
osmosis absorbs 95% of the water
Vitamin B and C absorb through diffusion
Fat soluble vitamins turn into absorptive cells
vitamin B12 binds with the intrinsic factor
absorbed through endocytosis
electrolytes (calcium) absorbed in the duodenum
electrolytes (Na) is absorbed with active absorption of glucose
large intestine
absorbs the rest of the water from small intestine (5%)
Vitamin B and K is absorbed through bacterial metabolism
layers of the GI tract
1) mucosa - innermost layer; the tunic layer that lines the lumen
secretes mucus/hormones and absorb the end products of digestion
2) submucosa - includes areolar connective tissue
3) muscularis externa - muscle layer for segmentation
4) serosa - outermost layer; made up of visceral peritoneum
nephron anatomy and physiology
renal corpuscle
glomerulus
highly porous capillaries that allow plasma-derived fluids to formate
glomerular capsule
cup-shaped empty structure (all around glomerulus)
renal tubule
singular layer of epithelial cells
distal convoluted tubule
drains in collecting ducts
contains nephron loop
proximal convoluted tubule
disorders of digestive and urinary system
UTI (urinary tract infection)
symptoms: painful urination ; caused by infection in urethra, bladder or kidneys
Kidney stones
hard deposits of salts and minerals that form in kidneys; symptoms: painful urination
Crohn's disease
symptoms: fatigue, weight loss, discomfort, and painful urination
inflammation if digestive tract
Gastroesophageal Reflux disease
lining of esophagus is destroyed from regular hear burns
symptoms: discomfort and bleeding