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hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome, , - Coggle Diagram
hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
definition
a dangerous condition resulting from very high blood glucose levels, can affect both types of diabetes yet it ussually affect those with type 2 diabetes.
pathophysiology
defiency of insulin which decrease in glucose utilization by the peripheral tissue causing hyperglycaemia. the peripheral tissues enter a state of starvation then there will be a release of counterrregulatory hormones, glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol and cotecholamines stimulatesgluconeogenesisand glyconenolysis. this causes an increase of glucosein the serum but decreases uptake by the peripheral tissues for metabolism
causes
illness or infection
not followig a diabetes treatment plan
certain medication, such as water pills ( deuretics)
clinical manifestations
high blood sugar level
warm, dry skin
dry mouth
increased urination
excessive thirst
nursing interventions
maintain fluid administration as prescribed
monitor intake and output
monitor heart rate and central venous pressure continously and report dysrhythmias
pharmacological treatment
insulin via intravenous to lower blood glucose level
fluids for dehydration
potassium/ sodium phosphate via IV to help the cells to function well
references
Dreyer A. Kharwa R. Moch S. Thandar Y. 2017. Pharmacology for Nurses. 4th edition. Pearson.
Mogotlane S. Chauke M. 2018. Juta,s Complete Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing. 2nd Edition. Juta.
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