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Reproductive System Marysa-May Hammond Per 1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System
Marysa-May Hammond Per 1
Major functions of the reproductive system
male
to produce and transport sperm and semen
secrete male hormones
responsible to nourish and develop sperm
female
producing gametes (eggs/ova)
if fertilization occurs, they develop a fetus
give birth / breastfeeding after birth
secrete sex hormones (like estrogen and progesterone)
anatomy of female reproductive structures
vulva
protect the internal environment of the female reproductive system
provides lubrication and cushioning
vagina
passage way for blood to exit body (during menstrual cycle)
birth canal
receives sperm from penis during sexual intercourse; passes through vagina towards the uterus
uterus
nourish the fetus developing before birth
fallopian tubes
maintain a stable environment internally for proper fertilization and egg transportation to the ovaries
ovaries
releases eggs for a chance of fertilization
secrete the female hormones (estrogen/progesterone)
protect all the eggs that females are born with
receives eggs from fallopian tubes
cervix
facilitates a passage of sperm into the uterus
maintains the stability of the upper female reproductive tract
anatomy of male reproductive structures
penis
carries ducts so semen is able to transfer to vagina
genital organ
scrotum
a sac that includes the testicles
testes
located in the scrotum; reproductive cells are produced here
where semen is produced
vas deferens
responsible for transporting semen to the ejaculatory duct
pathway begins at epididymis, then the semen goes to the ejaculatory duct
prostate
seminal vesicles
secrete the fluid that helps formate the semen
epididymis
where the sperm mature
Hormones of reproductive system
male
(LH) - luteinizing hormone
stimulates the release of testosterones (by Leydig cells)
(FSH) follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulates the testes (male gonad)
testosterone
controls sex drive
regulates the bone and muscle mass
regulates the production rate of red blood cells / sperm
female
estrogen
maintains low blood cholesterol levels
can cause fatty deposits in breasts
promotes the oogenesis and follicle growth
progesterone
works with estrogen to regulate the uterine cycle
changes in the cervical mucous
(LH) - luteinizing hormone
alerts ovary to release eggs
helps control and maintain the menstrual cycle
(GnRH) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - causes the glands to release the gonadotrophins
(FSH) - follicle-stimulating hormone
helps eggs grow properly in the ovaries
helps control and maintain the menstrual cycle
events of the female hormonal cycle
ovarian cycle
a series of events that deal with maturation of the day (~28 days)
follicular phase (days 1-14) - where follicle grows and secretes estrogen
Luteal phase (days15-28) - period of corpus luteum activity; follicles expelling the oocyte causes corpus luteum to form
uterine (menstrual) cycle
cyclic series of changes in endometrium that occur in response to fluctuating ovarian hormone levels
menstrual phase (days 1-5) - when the ovarian hormones are at it's lowest levels
proliferative phase (days 6-14) - estrogen levels rise drastically, new stratum is generated
post-ovulatory phase (days 15-28) - most consistent phase in cycle; uterus is preparing for pregnancy
disorders associated with reproductive system
Bacterial STI's
Chlamydia
symptoms: discharge, abdominal pain, painful intercourse
Trichomoniasis
symptoms: green/yellow-ish colored discharge (abnormal discharge)
Gonorrhea
most cases, people are asymptomatic
male: painful urination / penile discharge
female: vaginal discharge and abdominal discomfort
Syphillis
most cases are asymptomatic
treatment: requires antibiotics
Viral STI's
Human Papillovirus
causes of general warts
HPV strains are likely to be linked to cervical cancer
Genital Herpes
asymptomatic; most people don't know they're infected