Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Digestive System(DS), Itzel Gonzalez Period 6 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - physical breaking of large food pieces
      - mastication
        
        chewing monvement
      - segmentation
        
        mixing movement
        
        ex. stomach
      - peristalsis
        
        wave movement
        
        ex. esophagus, intestine
    - - breaks food into simpler chemicals
        
        can be absorbed by cells in body
      - works w/ help of enzymes
        
        ex. saliva in mouth, gastric juice in stomach
  - - - moves from intestine into
        
        blood
        
        lymph
    - - water
      - carbs
      - proteins
      - fats
      - vitamins
      - minerals
  - - - taking in food into mouth
    - - mechanical and chemical digestion
    - - mixing and movement of food by muscles
    - - mucus, acid, bile and enzyme release to aid digestion
    - - nutrients going into body to
        
        blood
        
        lymph
    - - removal of waste and undigested food from body
- - - - long irregularly shaped tube
      - open at both ends
      - Ex.
        
        mouth
        
        first portion of alimentary canal
        
        functions
        
        receive food
        
        begin mechanical digestion
        
        structures:
        
        lips
        
        keeps food in mouth
        
        teeth
        
        masticate food
        
        4 types:
        
        Incisors
        
        1 more item...
        
        canines
        
        2 more items...
        
        premolars
        
        2 more items...
        
        molars
        
        2 more items...
        
        structure:
        
        crown
        
        neck
        
        root
        
        tongue
        
        moves and mixes food
        
        food + saliva= bolus
        
        taste receptors
        
        palate
        
        roof of mouth
        
        uvula
        
        muscle
        
        covers nasopharynx
        
        salivary glands
        
        produce saliva
        
        moistness and dissolves food
        
        allows tasting
        
        cleanses mouth and teeth
        
        contain serous cells
        
        pharynx
        
        cavity lying being mouth and esophagus
        
        msucular tube
        
        structure
        
        nasopharynx
        
        oropharynx
        
        largyngopharynx
        
        function
        
        passageway for
        
        food
        
        air
        
        deglutition
        
        swallowing
        
        epiglottis
        
        flap of cartilage
        
        closes so food goes to esophagus
        
        swallowing mechanism
        
        3 steps:
        
        food mixes w/ saliva
        
        sensory receptors sense food
        
        1 more item...
        
        peristalsis
        
        esophagus
        
        passageway to stomach
        
        mucous glands scattered throughout esophagus
        
        produces mucus, moistens and lubricates tube
        
        lower esophageal sphincter
        
        helps prevent regurgitation of stomach contents into esophagus
        
        function:
        
        connects pharynx to stomach
        
        passageway for food
        
        propulsion
        
        moves food by peristalsis
        
        stomach
        
        structure:
        
        J shaped
        
        muscular
        
        thick mucus membrane
        
        3 parts:
        
        cardia and fundus
        
        enlarged opening
        
        temporary storage
        
        body
        
        central main part
        
        pylorus
        
        lower narrow section
        
        function:
        
        mixing and holding chamber
        
        mix food into tiny particles
        
        chemical digestion
        
        glands secrete gastric juices
        
        HCI
        
        pepsin
        
        intrinsic factor
        
        forms chyme from food
        
        =chyme
        
        soupy mixture of macerated food and gastric juices
        
        small intestine
        
        chemical digestion and absorption
        
        Intestinal enzymes
        
        peptidases
        
        reduces peptides to
        
        amino acids
        
        sucrase
        
        reduces sucrose to
        
        glucose and fructose
        
        lactase
        
        reduces lactose to
        
        glucose and fructose
        
        maltase
        
        reduces maltose to
        
        glucose
        
        intestinal lipase
        
        reduces fats to
        
        fatty acids and glycerol
        
        3 sections
        
        duodenum
        
        chem. digestion
        
        <--liver
        
        <--bile
        
        1 more item...
        
        <--pancreas
        
        pancreatic juice
        
        3 more items...
        
        jejunum
        
        absorption
        
        circular folds
        
        increase surface area
        
        ilium
        
        absorbs
        
        vitamins
        
        bile salts
        
        ileocecal sphincter
        
        joins small intest. to large intest.
        
        structure:
        
        2cm diameter
        
        connects stomach to large intest.
        
        22 ft. long
        
        tube like
        
        large intestine
        
        structure:
        
        5ft long
        
        wide diameter
        
        function:
        
        digestion by bacteria
        
        synthesis of
        
        vit. k
        
        vit. B complex
        
        digestion of cellulose
        
        absorption
        
        water
        
        salt
        
        form and store feces
        
        feces contains:
        
        water
        
        inorganic salts
        
        epithelial cells
        
        bacteria
        
        undigested foods
        
        subdivisions
        
        cecum
        
        pouch like
        
        site of appendix
        
        ascending colon
        
        retroperitoneal
        
        right side
        
        right colic fixture
        
        transverse colon
        
        left colic fixture
        
        descending colon
        
        sigmoid colon
        
        S shaped
        
        rectum
        
        near coccyx
        
        anal canal
        
        interior ana sphincter
        
        exterior anal sphincter
    - - Ex.
        
        teeth
        
        tongue
        
        salivary glands
        
        liver
        
        largest internal organ
        
        4 lobes
        
        functions:
        
        metabolic activities
        
        helps maintain concentration of
        
        blood glucose levels
        
        metabolizes proteins
        
        stores
        
        glycogen
        
        iron
        
        vit. A
        
        vit. D
        
        removes toxic substance from blood
        
        converts carbs and protein to fat
        
        filters blood
        
        secrete bile into duodenum
        
        gallbladder
        
        stores excess bile for liver
        
        under surface of liver
        
        merge to common bile duct
        
        function:
        
        concentrates and stores bile
        
        pancreas
        
        behind stomach
        
        function:
        
        secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum
        
        enzymes to digest
        
        protease
        
        trypsin
        
        lipase
        
        amylase
        
        nuclease
        
        nucleic acid
- - - - di
  - - - peptide
- - - - ingestion(mouth)
      - mastication
      - mechanical breakdown
    - - food moistened and lubricated through mucous glands
    - - chemical digestion
      - glands secret gastric juices
      - HCI kills bacteria and digests proteins
      - pepsin breaks peptide bonds
        
        secreted by chief cells
      - chyme formed from food
    - - duodenum
        
        liver secretes bile
        
        fats
        
        pancreas secretes pancreatic juices
      - most of absorption happens here
      - chemical digestion
      - Jejunum
        
        absorption
        
        water
        
        nutrients
        
        fat
        
        circular folds increase surface area
      - Ilium
        
        absorbs vitamins and bile salts
    - - digestion by bacteria
        
        synthesis of vit. K, vit. B complex
        
        digestions of cellulose
      - absorption of
        
        water
        
        salt(electrolytes)
- - - - drug toxicity
      - wild mushroom poisoning
  - - - alcoholism
      - chronic hepatitis
  - - - lack of fiber
  - - - diarrhea
      - vomiting
      - stomach pain
      - cramps
- - - - mucosa membrane
        
        produces mucus
        
        for reduction of
        
        friciton
        
        protections
      - epithelium
        
        varies by location
        
        nonkeratinized stratified squamos
        
        in mouth, esophagus, and anus
        
        protects against friction
        
        simple columnar
        
        in intestine
        
        for absorption and secretion
      - Lamina propria
        
        areolar CT
        
        contains
        
        blood and lymphatic vessels
        
        lymph node
      - muscularis mucosae
        
        2 thin smooth muscle layers
    - - areolar CT
        
        contains major blood vessels
      - elastic fibers
        
        retain shape
      - submuscosal plexus
        
        autonomic nerve supply
        
        glands and lymphatic tissue
    - - muscle layer
      - 2 smooth muscle layers
        
        allos peristalsis and segmentation
      - inner circular layer
        
        squeeze
        
        decrease size of lumeni
      - outer longitudinal layer
        
        shortens intestine
    - - outer covering of GI tract
      - serous membrane
        
        composed of
        
        thin areolar CT layer
        
        simple squamous epithelium
      - produces serous fluid
        
        for lubrication
      - covers outside of abdominal organs
      - attaches digestive tract to wall
        
        forms folds called mesenteries