European explore the east
SETTING THE STAGE
By the early 1400s, Europeans were ready to venture
beyond their borders
the Renaissance encouraged,
among other things, a new spirit of adventure and curiosity
For “God, Glory, and Gold”
The desire for new sources of wealth was
the main reason for European exploration
Crusades
crusades where essential for expanding the curiosity and ambission of europeans for trading in asia and africa
it led europeans discover many species
objective
why fighting the muslims?
expand christianity
fight the muslims
control of the holy lands
trade routes
After the
Crusades ended, Europeans continued to demand such spices as nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper, all of
which added flavor to the bland foods of Europe
The Muslims and the Italians controlled the trade
of goods from East to West
The desire to spread Christianity also motivated
Europeans to explore
“God, glory, and gold” were the
primary motives for exploration,
Technology Makes Exploration Possible
1400s, shipbuilders
designed a new vessel, the caravel.
allowed to sail effectively against the wind.
Europeans also improved their navigational techniques
Portugal Leads the Way
The leader in developing and applying these sailing innovations was Portugal
The Portuguese Explore Africa
overseas exploration in part due to strong government support
In Ceuta, the Portuguese invaders found
exotic stores filled with pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and other spices. In addition, they encountered large supplies of gold,
silver, and jewels
the tools of exploration
European inventors and sailors experimented
with new tools for navigation and new designs for sailing ships often borrowing from other cultures.
compass
sextant
Portuguese had established a series of trading
posts along western Africa’s shores
Portuguese explorers plotted their next move. They
would attempt to find a sea route to Asia
Spain Also Makes Claims
Spain watched with increasing envy. The Spanish monarchs also desired a direct
sea route to Asia.
finding a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic
Ocean. In October of that year, Columbus reached an island in the Caribbean
But his voyage
would open the way for European colonization of the Americas a process that would forever change the world
tensions increased between Spain and Portugal.
spain and portugal
In
1493, Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep peace between the two nations. He suggested an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to south, through the Atlantic
Ocean. All lands to the west of the line, known as the Line of Demarcation, wouldbe Spain’s. These lands included most of the Americas. All lands to the east of the
line would belong to Portugal
In 1494, Spain
and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, in which they agreed to honor the line. The era of exploration and colonization was about to begin in earnest
Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Portugal’s Trading Empire
Spain´s trading empire
Portugal
built a bustling trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean
They wanted
to establish their own trade empires in the East.
Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese
the English
and Dutch began to challenge Portugal’s dominance over the Indian Ocean trade.
The Dutch East India Company
e English East India Company
British and French Traders
Britain and
France had gained a foothold in the region
English developed a successful business trading
Indian cloth in Europe
France also entered the Asia
trade with its own East India Company