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Anaemia - Coggle Diagram

- - - - GI bleeding
    - - haemoabdomen
    - - haemothorax
    - - pulmonary contusions
  - - - submit EDTA blood sample and fresh blood smears to an external lab
      - a reticulocyte count should be requested as the presence of these red cell precursors indicates regeneration, along with other abnormalities such as increased MCV and evidence of anisocytosis and polychromasia
      - may need to repeat 3-5 days later to see if regenerative
      - immune mediated haemolysis
        
        spherocytes
        
        autoagglutination
        
        iron deficiency
        
        reduced MCH, MCHC and morphological abnormalities
        
        in saline agglutination test
        
        drop of saline (2 drops in cats) to a drop of EDTA blood on glass slide and assess for macroscopic and microscopic agglutination
      - bone marrow disease
        
        concurrent neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
  - - - normal with 1% of reticulocytes
      - slight with 1-5%
      - moderate 5-20%
      - marked 21-50% reticulocytes
- - - - following 3 days of meat free diet
  - - - e.g. toxins
        
        zinc (american pennies), paracetamol, onions (which cause oxidative damage, especially to feline RBCs)
- - - - cautious fluid therapy in patients with pulmonary contusions (can cause worsening of pulmonary haemorrhage and irreversible respiratory failure)
      - no benefit if patients have haemolytic or chronic non-regenerative anaemia are generally euvolaemic. but may show signs of lack of oxygen carrying capacity e.g. weakness, tachycardia, tachypnoea, bounding pulses. If so, will likely benefit from transfusion of whole blood, packed red blood cells or haemoglobin based oxygen carrying solution
    - - abdominal bandage can be placed on patients with abdominal bleeding whilst patient stabilised prior to surgery