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Hypoglycaemia - Coggle Diagram
Hypoglycaemia
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Clinical manifestations
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tingling or numbness of the lips, tongue or cheek
vision disturbances, such as blurred vision
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Complications
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can also cause accidents, if it's not treated well
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Health education
Educate and familiarize the patients and their relatives with the common signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia
Emphasize the benefits of eating right and on time, and explain the need to eat carbohydrate rich food before exercising.
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Advise the patient to carry some form of diabetes identification so that in an emergency others will know that he/she has diabetes.
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Nursing management
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Administer glucose immediately- a conscious patient may be given some form of sugar by mouth, e.g. orange juice, cola, honey etc, and an unresponsive patient may be given instant glucose- a form of rapidly absorbed glucose that is squeezed out of a tube into the patien's mouth for oral absorption.
Perform blood glucose testing routinely before and after meals, before exercise or bedtime, prior to important activities requiring concentration, and record all the findings.
Inform the patient to exercise 30 minutes to 1 hour after meals, check glucose levels after exercise, and discuss with the doctor what type of changes can be made.
Nursing considerations
The blood glucose should be checked after about 5 minutes and the rapid-acting treatment should be repeated every 5-10 minutes until the blood glucose has risen to 4mmol/L or greater.
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A severe hypoglycaemia is likely to affect people's confidence in their diabetes treatment significantly, so they need to be referred to a diabetes specialist following an episode of severe hypoglycaemia to have counselling, a medication review and education.
References
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Mathew P, Thoppil D. Hypoglycaemia. 2018 Jan [Medline].
Hughes S. Pain Med Linked to Hypoglycaemia, Medscape Medical News. Dec 11 2014.
Pathophysiology
this condition typically arises from abnormalities in the mechanisms involved in glucose homeostasis.
it is characterized by a reduction in plasma glucose concentration to a level that may induce symptoms or signs such as altered mental status and/or sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
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