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CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM DESIGN - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4:
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Understand user interface design
User Interface Design (UI)
describes how users interact with a computer system,
and consists of all the hardware, software, screens, menus, functions, output,
User Interface Design
Evolution of the User Interface
Often, the user interface mainly consisted of process-control screens that allowed the user to send commands to the system.
User-centered system
Requires an understanding of human-computer interaction and user-centered design principles
Human-Computer Interaction
Human-computer interaction (HCI) describes the relationship between computers and people who use them to perform their jobs
Main objective is to create a user-friendly design that is easy to learn and use
Principles of user-centered design
i. Understand the Business
ii. Maximize Graphical Effectiveness
iii. Think Like a User
iv. Use Models and Prototypes
v. Focus on Usability
vi. Invite Feedback
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Ergonomics
how people work, learn, and interact with computers
Aesthetics
how an interface can be made attractive and easy to use
Interface technology
operational structure required to carry out the design objectives
User Interface Design Guidelines
1) Design a transparent interface
2) Create an interface that is easy to learn and use
3)Enhance user productivity
4)Make it easy for users to obtain help or correct errors
5) Minimize input data problems
6) Provide feedback to users
7) Create an attractive layout and design
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User Interface Components
Screen Elements & ControlS
List box – scroll bar
Drop-down list box
Calendar control
Menu bar
Toolbar
Command button
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Source Documents
collects input data
triggers or authorizes an input action,
and provides a record of the original transaction
Good form layout makes the form easy to complete and provides enough space, both vertically and horizontally, for users to enter the data
The placement of information on a form also is important. Source documents typically include most of the zones shown
4.2 Apply input and output design
Input Design & Technology Issues
quality of the output = quality of the input
garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)
the best time to avoid problems is when the data is entered
Objectives of Input Design
to ensure the quality, accuracy, and timeliness of input data
Good input design requires attention to human factors as well as technology issues
Guidelines For Data Entry Screen Design
Data Entry Screens
Guidelines
Restrict user access to screen locations where data is entered
Provide a descriptive caption for every field, and show the user where to enter the data and the required or maximum field size
Display a sample format if a user must enter values in a field in a specific format - separator
Require an ending keystroke for every field
Do not require users to type leading zeroes for numeric fields
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Data Capture vs Data Entry
Data capture - service in which data is captured via tick or check boxes and other items where areas are filled in with simple lines or shapes in order to get the right answer.
Data entry - manually entered text, copying exactly what the person who filled out the feedback form has written
Input & Data Entry Method
Input technology has changed dramatically in recent years
. Batch Input
data entry is performed on a specified time schedule [ daily, weekly, monthly, or longer ]
Online Input
batch input - used in specific situations
but most business activity requires online data entry
Input Mask & Validation Rules
Validation Rules
8 types of data validation rules
Sequence check
Existence check
Data type check
Range check
Reasonableness check
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Output Technology
Although business information systems still provide most output as screen displays and printed matter, technology is having an enormous impact on how people communicate and obtain information.
A. Internet based information delivery
Millions of firms use the Internet to reach new customers and markets around the world.
Blogs
Web-based logs, called blogs, are another form of Web-based output.
Instant messaging
This popular form of communication is another way for individuals and companies to communicate effectively over the Internet.
B. Printed reports
C. Specialized forms of output
An incredibly diverse marketplace requires many forms of specialized output and devices such as these:
Types Of Reports
a report must include the information that a user needs
from a user’s point of view:
too little information = no value
too much information = confusing and difficult to understand
a. Detail reports
b. Exception reports
c. Summary reports
Design Report Principles
Report headers and footers
Every report should have a report header and a report footer.
Column spacing
You should space columns of information carefully
Field order
Fields should be displayed and grouped in a logical order
Consistent design
Abbreviations used in reports also should be consistent.
Page headers and footers
Every page should include a page header, which appears at the top of the page and includes the column headings that identify the data.
Column heading alignment
Figure shows several column heading alignment options.
Grouping detail lines
Often, it is meaningful to arrange detail lines in groups, based on a control field.
Repeating fields
Report design is an art, not a science.
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Input & Output Controls & Security
A company must do everything in its power to protect its data.
Output control & security
Output security protects privacy rights and shields the organization’s proprietary data from theft or unauthorized access.
Input control & security
Input control includes the necessary measures to ensure that input data is correct, complete, and secure
