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Digestive and Urinary System Kimberly Cardenas Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive and Urinary System Kimberly Cardenas Period 1
Functions of Urinary System
Create urine as a waste by-product
Body gets rid of excess water and nitrogenous wastes
Physical characteristics of urine can indicate a number of illnesses
Filter the blood
Kidneys are major organ that do so
Location of digestion and absorption
Carbohydrates
Digested: Mouth and Small Intestine
Absorbed: Small Intestine
Nucleic Acids
Digested: Small Intestine and by pancreatic cells
Absorbed: Small Intestine
Lipids
Digested: Mouth, Stomach, and Pancreas
Absorbed: Small Intestine
Proteins
Digested: Stomach and Duodenum
Absorbed: Small Intestine
Organs of Digestive System
Alimentary Canal/ GI Tract
Muscular tube that goes from mouth to anus
Pharynx
Allows passage of fluids, air, and food
Esophagus
Tube that goes from laryngopharynx to stomach
Mouth
Creates bolus; site of mastication
Stomach
Site of chemical and mechanical digestion
Anus
Expels feces from the body
Small and large intestines
Both intestines absorb nutrients and H2O
Accessory Organs
Digestive glands
Salivary Glands
Saliva cleans mouth, creates bolus, breaks down starches, etc.
Pancreas
Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Liver
Produces bile to digest fats
Tongue
Teeth
Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile
Disorders of Digestive System
Gallstones
Formed by crystallized cholesterol
Can obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder
Appendicitis
Trapped infectious bacteria causes acute inflammation of the appendix
Swells because it is unable to empty its contents
Heartburn
Stomach acid regurgitates into esophagus
First symptom of acid reflux
Functions of Digestive System
Break food down into nutrient molecules
Mechanical Breakdown
Digestion
Absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
AKA absorbtion
Rid body of any indigestible wastes
AKA Defecation
Take in food
Ingestion
Propulsion
Organs of Urinary System
Ureters
Narrow tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary Bladder
Acts as a temporary storage reservoir for urine
Can hold up to around 2 pints of urine if necessary; collapses when empty
In different locations in males vs females
Kidneys
Internal Kidney has 3 major regions
Renal cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal Pelvis
Major function is to cleanse the blood
Major excretory organ that maintains body's internal environment
Urethra
Empties bladder and expels urine from body
Digestive Enzymes
Amylase
Converts complex carbs into simple sugars
Lipases
Digests around 15% of lipids
Proteases
Increases the speed at which proteins are broken down at
Nucleases
Breaks nucleic acids down into nitrogenous bases and sugars
Pepsin
Digests proteins in ingested foods
Layers of GI Tract
Submucosa
Helps organs regain shape after storing large meals
Muscularis Externa
Responsible for peristalsis and segmentation
Mucosa
Absorbs end products/ nutrients
Protects against infection
Secretes hormones, enzymes, and mucus
Serosa
Outermost layer that is made up of visceral peritoneum
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
Renal Tubule
Nephron Loop
Function: reabsorb H2O and NaCl from filtrate
Proximal Convulted Tubule
Forms brush border
Function: reabsorption and secretion
Distal Convulted Tubule
Drains into collecting duct
Functions more in secretion than absorption
Structural and functional units that form urine in kidneys
Renal Corpuscle
Glomerulus
Porous capillaries that allow for efficient filtrate formation
Glomerular Capsule
Surrounds glomerulus
Disorders of Urinary System
Renal Failure
Filtrate formation decreases or stops completely
Syndrome associated with renal failure=uremia
Urinary Tract Infection
Catheterization/ any condition that obstructs urinal flow increases the risk of UTIs
Infection of the urinary system
Kidney Stones
Can obstruct ureters and kidneys
Form when magnesium salts, uric acid, or calcium crystallize in urine