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HYPOPITUITARISM - Coggle Diagram
HYPOPITUITARISM
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Stomach pain, decreased appetite, nausea and vomiting, constipation
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In women: loss of armpit or pubic hair, decreased sex drive, infertility, problems with breast feeding, irregular or no menstrual periods
In men: loss of hair (on the face, or in the armpits or pubic area), decreased sex drive, infertility, erectile dysfunction
In children, problems with growth (including height) and sexual development
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
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Manage respiratory symptoms. Monitor respiratory depth, rate, pattern, pulse oximetry, and ABG.
Pulmonary exercises. Encourage deep breathing, coughing, and use of incentive spirometry.
Orient to present surroundings. Orient patient to time, place, date, and events around him or her.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Tumors in or near the pituitary gland (which are usually benign, meaning not cancer)Hypothalamuspituitary gland
Radiation treatment, which can destroy pituitary gland tissue
Traumatic brain injury, such as with a head injury from an accident
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Conditions that can infiltrate the pituitary gland (example, histiocytosis, lymphoma)
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TREATMENT
Corticosteroids. These drugs, such as hydrocortisone (Cortef) or prednisone (Rayos), replace the adrenal hormones that aren't being produced because of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. You take them by mouth.
Levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Synthroid, others). This medication treats the low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) that a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency can cause.
Sex hormones. These include testosterone in men and estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progesterone in women. Testosterone is administered either by injection or through the skin with a patch or a gel. Female hormone replacement can be administered with pills, gels or patches.
Growth hormone. Also called somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope, others), growth hormone is administered through an injection beneath your skin. It promotes growth, which helps produce a more normal height in children. Adults with symptoms of growth hormone deficiency also may benefit from growth hormone replacement, but they won't grow taller.
Fertility hormones. If you've become infertile, gonadotropins can be administered by injection to stimulate ovulation in women and sperm production in men.
DIAGNOSIS
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Disturbed thought processes related to depressed metabolism and altered cardiovascular and respiratory status.