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Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Immune System
Innate & Adaptive Immune Defenses
Innate active immunity
occurs after exposure to antigen
Adaptive active immunity
occurs the vaccines, medications, etc,.
Adaptive passive immunity
antibodies are passed from mother to fetus
Innate passive immunity
Injection of gamma globulin that contains antibodies
Cells involved with the Immune System
Nuetrophils
Monocytes/Macrophages
Lymphocytes
B-cells
T-cells
Antibodies & Antigens
Antibodies
Carried by bodily fluids
Actions:
Aggulutination: clump with other antibodies
Precipitation: becomes solid
Neutralization: no longer active
Opsonization
Complement fixation: binds to antigen
Soluble protein secreted by plasma cells that are derived from B-cells
Antigens
Usually larger and are more complex molecules
Proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, or glycolipids that trigger an immune response
Disorders Associated with Immune System
AIDS
Virus that makes the body lose the ability to fight off minor infections
HIV causes AIDS
There are treatments to help, but it is incurable
HIV
Virus that destroys white blood cells and weakens the immune system
Spreads through sexual contact
There are treatments to help, but it is incurable
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune System
Lymphatic System
Network of vessels that help with the circulation of bodily fluids
Drains excess fluids
Helps the body defend itself and become more resilient to diseases/viruses
Returns clean fluids and leaked proteins back to blood
Immune System
Protects the body from foreign substances
fights against infectious pathogens
keeps pathogens
Humoral & Cellular Response
Humoral Response
Antibody molecules are secreted by plasma cells
Antigen that binds to the B-cell antigen receptor signals B-cells
Some B-cells may become memory B-cells
Cellular Response
Destruction of infected cells by cytoxic T-cells
This response does not involve any antibodies
Cell mediated immunity secretes cytokines
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
Primary lymphoid organs
Red Bone Marrow
B and T-cells originate here
Only B-cells mature here
Thymus
T-cells mature here
Secondary lymphoid organs
Lymph Nodes
work as filters for foreign substances
Tonsils
Stop germs from entering through the mouth
Spleen
gets rid of damaged cells and helps control the amount of blood and blood cells that circulate in the body
Peyers Patches
monitoring intestinal bacteria and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines
Appendix