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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM- Soely Collazo Period 5 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - does not alter chemical composition
      - Physical breaking of large food pieces into smaller pieces
      - mastication- chewing movement
      - segmentation- mixing movement
      - peristalsis- wave move (esophagus/ intestine)
    - - Breaks food into simpler chemicals that can be absorbed by cells in the body
      - works with help of enzyme
        
        saliva in mouth
        
        gastric juices in stomach\
- - - - Chews and lubricates food with saliva
      - Moves food to pharynx
      - Opening for food
    - - lips
      - tongue
      - palate
      - uvula
      - salivary glands
  - - - Cardia and Fundus
        
        Enlarged opening next to esophagus
        
        Temperature
      - Body
        
        Central main part
      - Pylorus
        
        Lower narrow section
        
        Inside lined with rugae
        
        15 and 25 contraction/min
    - - Thick (means) membrane
      - About the size of a large sausage
      - J shaped, muscular organ
      - When empty, it can hold about 1Lt.
    - - Mixing and holding chamber
      - Glands secrete gastric juices: HCI, pepsin, intrinsic factor
      - Forms chyme from food
      - Food exits through pyloric sphincter
  - - - Tube approx 7m
      - 2cm in diameter
      - Fills most of the abdominal cavity
      - Connects stomach to large intestine
    - - Chemical digestion
        
        Intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices
      - Absorption
        
        Of water and nutrients
        
        Villi and microvilli- increase surface area for absorption
        
        Lacteals-lymphatic capillaries
        
        Peptidases reduce peptides to amino acids
        
        Sucrase reduce sucrose to glucose and fructose
      - Mechanical digestion
        
        Chyme+ secretions from pancreas and liver+ intestinal juices
        
        Segmentation and peristalsis
    - - Jejunum
        
        Absorption
        
        Circular folds to increase surface area
      - Ilium
        
        Absorbs vitamin and bile salts
        
        Ileocecal sphincter (valve) joins small intestine to large intestine's cecum
      - Duodenum
        
        Chem. digestion
        
        Liver-bile-fats
        
        Most "fixed" in place
        
        Pancreas- pancreatic juices
  - - - Separated from small intestine by ileocecal valve
      - Slow movement
      - 1.5m (5ft) long, wider diameter than 5m
    - - Digestion by bacteria
      - Absorption of water and salt (electrolytes)
      - Form, stores, eliminate feces
      - Break down remaining proteins to amino acids
    - - Cecum
      - Ascending colon
      - Transverse colon
      - Descending colon
      - Sigmoid colon
      - Rectum
      - Anal canal
  - - - Areolar connective tissue containing major blood vessel
      - Many elastic fibers to retain shape
      - Glands and lymphatic tissue
    - - Muscle layer
      - Two layers of smooth muscles to allow peristalsis and segmentation
    - - Produces mucus for reduction or friction and proteins
      - epithelium
      - Muscularis mucosae
      - Lamina propia
    - - Outer covering of the GI tract
      - Attaches the digestive tract to the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity by performing folds called mesenteries
- - - - disaccharides
      - monosaccharides
      - amylase-poly-di
    - - maltase-glucose
      - lactase-glucose and galactose
      - glucose and fructose
- - - - Masticate food into smaller pieces
      - Mechanical breakdown of food
    - - Incisors
      - Canines
      - Premolars
      - Molars
  - - - Largest internal organ, party surrounded by ribs
      - Four lobes with gallbladder (bile storage sac)
    - - Stores glycogen, iron, vitamin, A, D, B12
      - Helps maintain concentration of blood glucose levels, metabolizes, proteins
      - Responsible for many metabolic activities
      - Removes toxic substances from blood
      - Filters blood
  - - - Jaundice
      - Hepatitis
      - Cirrhosis
    - - Concentrates and stores bile produced in the liver
      - Release bile into small intestine (duodenum)
  - - - Secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum
      - Enzymes to digest all 4 nutrients
        
        Protease-protein
        
        Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, proteins
        
        Lipase- lipids
        
        Amylase-carbohydrates
        
        Nuclease-nucleic acids
    - - Located behind stomach
      - Closely associated with small intestines