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Disorders of the eye( Retinopathy)/ Retinal detachment - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of the eye( Retinopathy)/ Retinal detachment
Pathophysiology
the retina tears when the traction force exceeds the strength.
Retinal breaks and elevated glucose cause retina damage which results in a hole like structure visible in the retina.
Retinal detachment arises from retinopathy
once the retina has a hole, liquid vitreous can enter the subretinal space between the sensory layer and pigment layer, resulting in rhegmatogenous, retina detachment.(Sharon L. Lewis 2017)
DEFINATION
it is a process of microvascular damage to the retina. it can progress slowly and gradually to sight loss, it affects most patients with diabeties( Sharon L. Lewis2017)
Signs and symptoms
blurred vision
macular oedema
flame haemorrhage
cotton wool spots on retina
floaters
progressive visual acuity loss( Sharon L.Lewis 2017)
diagnostic assessments
Sharon L. Lewis 2017)
Ultrasound if cornea, lens or vitreous is hazy or opaque
Ophthalmoscopy direct or indirect
history and physical examination
visual acuity measurement
Nursing intervention and management
give health education as a nurse before and after surgery
post operative care, give analgesia, mydriatics, topical antibiotics and corticorsteriods.
Freezing(Cryopexy) of the retinal break is done by theater team as management to correct the break.
if patient went for surgery encourage wound care and eye hygiene
the nurse can however ensure that the light in the room of the patient is not too bright to avoid further damage.
promote eye hygiene to patient(Sharon L. Lewis 2017)
retina breaks are managed with surgery
Causes
the main cause is unknown
also caused by long term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus( Sharon L. Lewis 2017)
Retinal detachment can be caused by trauma/ injury on eye.
Advanced age with underlying chronic diseases like diabetes