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Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
Blood flow through the heart and body
The blood is then carries into 2 pulmonary arteries to the lungs
The now oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart through the 4 pulmonary veins
Goes through the Pulmonary semilunar valve to the Pulmonary trunk
From the veins, it goes to through Left atrium
The blood goes through the Tricuspid Valve to reach the Right ventricle
From the left atrium, through the Mitral valve-it reaches the Left ventricle
Goes through the right atrium
Finally goes through the Aortic semilunar valve to the Aorta, where oxygen-rich blood is delivered to the body tissues, where the cycle then repeats itself
Poor oxygenated blood returns from the body back to the heart into the SVC and IVC
Anatomy of the heart
Right Atrium
Receives blood from veins that has already been circulated and pumps it to the right ventricle
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body
Left Atrium
Receives oxygen-rich blood
Right Ventricle
Passes the blood onto the pulmonary artery
4 Valves
Pulmonary
Opens to allow blood to be pumped from right ventricle to the lungs
Mitral
Opens to allow blood to pumped from lungs to left atrium
Tricuspid
Opens to allow blood from right atrium to right ventricle
Aortic
Opens to allow blood to leave the heart from left ventricle through the aorta and body
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body and removes carbon dioxide
Provides cells with nutrients
In the small intestine, the blood gets nutrients from food and delivers them to every cell
Protects the body against disease and infection
The blood contains specific blood cells that are essential in fighting foreign substances in the body
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
High Blood Pressure
The force of blood against the artery walls is too high
Changing to a healtheir diet with less salt with decrease blood pressure
Arrhythmia
Improper beating of the heart (too fast, too slow, irregular beats)
There is medication, surgery, medical procedures, and implantable devices that can help
Coronary Artery Disease
Treatments to help, but cannot be cured
Buildup of plaque that tightens coronary arteries which limits the amount of blood flow
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac Cycle
4 phases
Isovolumetric Contraction
Ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change
Ventricular Ejection
Total amount of blood in the left ventricle is pumped out with each heartbeat
Ventricular Filling: mid-to-late diastole
Atria contracts to eject blood into ventricles
Isovolumetric Relaxation: early diastole
Arotic and pulmonary valves close producing the second heart sound
ECG
Electrocardiodiogram
Electrical currents generated in the heart spread through the body
Waves/Deflections
P Wave
QRS Complex
T Wave
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
3 types
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
3 layers
Media
Adventitia
Intima
Capillaries
Very thin, approx. 5 cm.
Exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells
2 layers
Veins
thinner and has less pressure than arteries
transports blood to the heart
3 layers
Layers of the heart
Pericardium
Myocardium
Composed of mainly cardiac muscle
Forms the bulk of the heart
Second layer
This layer contracts, this keeps the heart pumping
Endocardium
White sheet of endothelium
Lines the chambers and covers the fibrous skeleton of the valves
Third layer
Epicardium
Helps to protect the heart
Visceral layer of the serous pericardium
First layer