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Sentences, Interrogative sentences, Other structural variations,…
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Interrogative sentences
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Interrogative structure
there is a change of position between the subject and the verb, which takes place only with the verb be.
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With all the other verbs we need to use the operator do, which changes places with the subject while the rest of the verb phrase retains its position after the subject.
Subject-operator inversion: it is the process by which declarative structures are made interrogative.
Wh-questions require:
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When the subject of a sentence is substituted with a wh-word, no inversion takes place
Question tag: it is added to a declarative sentence to produce a rather different type of interrogative structure. The tag is formed from an auxiliary verb and a pronoun.
When the declarative sentence is positive, the tag is negative and vice versa.
Normally, a negative tag expects the answer yes, while a positive one anticipates no as a response.
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Declarative sentences
They typically have an ouvert subject, a verb element and any necessary verb complementation. It may contain also one or more adverbial elements.
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Compound sentences
Coordination: the process of forming a compound sentence by joining two or more clauses on an equal grammatical footing.
Coordinating conjunctions: the conjunctions which we use to join clauses on an equal basis. The three central coordinators are: and, but, or.
And and or can be used to join three or more main clauses, while but can only join two main clauses.
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They contain at least two main clauses, but more are possible.
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Imperative sentences
It normally is used to direct someone to do something. The subject is normally omitted and the lexical verb is in the base form.
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Exclamative sentences
They resemble interrogative sentences in so far as a wh-word is used in their construction and the wh-element is fronted.
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Simple sentences
Simple sentence: it is a main clause which has to contain a finite verb and must be grammatically complete. However, it need not to be declarative; imperative, interrogative and exclamative sentences are simple as long as they contain a main clause only.
When a sentence which contains only one main clause has a subordinate clause as part of one of its elements and that subordinate clause can therefore be removed without loss of grammatical completeness, than that sentence is a simple sentence.
Complex sentences
It contains at least two clauses, which will be subordinate.The verb element of a clause has to be a verb phrase.
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Performative verbs: the actual uttering of these verbs performs the function to which they refer; this means that the speaker actually performs the act of promising, swearing, naming, pronouncing. However, they are performative verbs only when they are used in the first person, in the simple present tense and in a declarative context.
promise, swear, name, pronounce
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He said he'd be here by six, didn't he?
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