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Digestive System & Urinary System Ciera Martinez P.5, Digestive…
Digestive System & Urinary System Ciera Martinez P.5
Major functions of Urinary System
To filter blood. Also regulate blood pressure, volume, and pH.
As well as, get ride of wastes, toxins, and drugs via urine.
Major functions of Digestive System
We start with ingestion, which is eating. Then propulsion, which pretty involves peristalsis. This is when food is moved forward from contractions.
Followed with mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. When segmentation take places,when food is mixed with digestive juices. Lastly, defecation which is getting rid of waste via feces
Major Organs of Digestive System
We start with the mouth where food is broken down. Then pushed down the pharynx and esophagus. Into the stomach were it is further broken down into smaller pieces, later pushed through the small and large intestine and stored in the rectum. Lastly, pushed out through the anus via feces.
Major Organs of Urinary System
We start with the kidneys were urine is produced. Urine is passed through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where urine is stored. Until the urine is let out through the urethra called urination.
Disorder of urinary tract is kidney stones. This is when mineral and acid salts combine in urine. It is painful when released outside the body. Symptoms is pain in the abdominal area. Treatment is pain reliefs and water to get them out of the system.
Disorder in the digestive system is hemorrhoids. This is when there are swollen veins in the rectum or anus. This is due to too much pressure in the lower rectum. A symptom is discomfort, but can be treated with diet change or softer are when sitting.
Digestive enzymes
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starches and carbohydrates into sugar.
Amylase is produced in the salivary glands, pancreas, and small intestine. All help break down starch and released into the blood.
Protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.
Protease is produced in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. Where proteins are broken down via chemical digestion.
Lipase is an enzyme that lipids such as fats & oils that break down into glycerol & fatty acids
LIpase is produced in the pancreas and small intestine. This is where lipids play a role in energy storage.
Layers of GI tract/ alimentary canal
The innermost layer is the mucosa. This is the layer that secretes, absorbs, and protects
The nest layer is the submucosa. This layer helps build the GI tract and restore the shape.
Following is the muscularis externa. This is where segmentation and peristalsis, in order to keep food moving.
The outermost layer is the serosa. This layer is made up of visceral peritoneum.
Nephron anatomy & physiology
Nephrons form urine in the kidneys
Renal corpuscle is made up of:
Glomerulus that is a tuft of capillaries that help for better filtration.
The glomerular capsule also called Bowman's capsule also help to filtrate.
The renal tubule has 3 parts:
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule
