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Digestive & Urinary System, Kevin Do, P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System, Kevin Do, P.5
Major Functions of the Digestive System
Absorption
simple molecules pass through cell membranes into blood or lymph capillaries
Ingestion
process of taking food, liquids, or other substances into body by swallowing or absorbing it
Defecation
elimination of indigestible substances
Digestion
action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body
Propulsion/Segmentation
forward movement and mixing of food down the GI tract
Major Organs of the Urinary System
kidneys
urinary bladder
urethra
ureter
renal pelvis
Major Function of the Urinary System
produces erythropoietin
remove liquid waste from blood by urine
keeps stable balance of salts and other substances in blood
Digestive Enzymes
Amylases
breakdown carbs like starch into simple sugars
Proteases
breakdown protein into small peptides and amino acids
Lipases
breakdown fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule
Location of Digestion and Absorption of Each Macromolecule
absorption begins in stomach and takes place in the walls of the small intestine
chemical digestion starts in the mouth and continues in stomach
most of the process occurs in the small intestine
Layers of the GI Tract
Mucosa
innerlayer
lines GI tract
made of simple columnar epithelium
the mucosal layer is folded to have secretory glands in the stomach and small intestine
mucosal glands of stomach and intestine secrete digestive juices
Submucosa
contains special lymphatic vessels called lacteals in villi
nerve plexuses (meissners plexus)
involves glands and blood vessels
mainly connective tissue with enormous blood supply
digested material from gut is absorbed and then loaded in blood and lymph
Muscular Propia (externa)
responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis
region of muscle in many organs in vertebrate body
adjacent to the submucosa
nerve plexus is involved
Serosa
tissue of a serous membrane
outer layer of connective tissue
Stomach
Functions
kill bacteria with strong acidity
store food
initiate digestion of proteins
make chyme
Parts
fundus
pyloric region
body
Major Organs of the Digestive System
Accessory Digestive Organs
pancreas
liver
gall bladder
rectum
esophagus
salivary glands
pharynx
small intestine
stomach
large intestine
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
2 Major Parts
tubule
renal corpuscle
Characteristics
blood is filtered by glomerulus to produce a fluid which is caught by the nephron tubule called filtrate
each nephron, an afferent arteriole feeds a high-pressure capillary bed called glomerulus
each nephron consists of a blood supply and specialized networks of ducts called tubule
Uses four mechanisms to convert blood into urine
reabsorption
secretion
filtration
excretion
2 Step Process
glomerulus filters blood
tubule returns needed substances to blood and removes waste