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EUROPEAN BAROQUE CULTURE: ASIERG. DBH3.F 9, image, image, image, image,…
EUROPEAN BAROQUE CULTURE: ASIERG. DBH3.F 9
PHILOSOPHY:
2 main theoretical approaches:
René Descartes
founded rationalism:
philosophy that reality could only be
understood through reason
recommended doubting all claims that had not been subjected to deep analysis
Baruch Spinoza reached the conclusion that God and nature were identical
all forms or reality were part of an interdependent group
this belief is known as pantheism
Empiricism:
maintained that knowledge could only be confirmed through
experimental verification
supported by Francis Bacon and John Locke
LITERATURE:
came in the form of poetry, novels and theatre
Theatre, was divided into various genres:
Tragedy:
tales of sad situations with bad ending to the protagonists
Tragicomedy:
combined both tragic and comic elements
Comedy:
amusing tales of daily life
MUSIC:
composers such as Domenico Scarlatti, Claudio Monteverdi and Antonio Vivaldi composed operas
Operas:
musical compositions that accompanied theatrical performances
there were great developments in music
SCIENCE:
Rationalism and empiricism were the basis of the scientific method
started to be used by scientists to reach their conclusions
They started to use these steps:
Reflecting to find an explanation, known as hypothesis
Deducing what should happen in nature if this hypothesis was correct
Observing nature
Verifying this through an experiment
Through this method, science advanced in many fields
Important contributions to mathematics
Heliocentrism
astronomical studies by Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler validated the theory
In physics...
Isaac Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation
Evangelista Torricelli invented the barometer to measure atmospheric pressure
In medicine...
nobles and members of the rich bourgeoisie supported the creation of academies
monarchs who finally became the main patrons of the academies, as they realised scientific advances were important for developing their kingdoms
William Harvey discovered the double circulatory system
WHAT IS BAROQUE?
developed in Europe throughout the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century
During this period, great advances were made in science and the way people thought
was an artistic style and also a cultural movement
