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Disorders of Thyroid Gland, Lewis's medical-surgical Nursing…
Disorders of Thyroid Gland
Cretinism
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Sings and symptoms
The child may become sluggish a few weeks after birth
become sick and may suck poorly when breastfeeding
physical and mental growth becomes a problem at later stage
Pathophysiology
This condition developes during intrauterine life or the neonatal stage due to maternal deprivation of iodine
Nursing Care Plan
Intervention and rationale
Monitor weight of patient always because they usually have extra fluid lead to weight gain
Assess patient appetite because they usually have decreased appetite
Encourage patient to eat small food six times a day to increase intake of nutrition and gain more energy
Nursing Diagnosis
Imbalanced nutrition may be related to greater intake than metabolic needs as evidenced by decreased appetite or weight gain
Problems
Imbalanced nutrition
Fatigue syndrome
Expected outcome
Gain weight
NO signs of fatigue
Evaluation
No evidence of Thyroid crisis for 6- 8 days
Defination
Cretinism Is hypothyroidism that developes in infancy result from thyroid hormone deficiencies during fetal or early neonatal life
Myxoedema
Pathophysiology
Myxoedema can be caused by a result of long-standing, undiagnosed, or undertreated hypothyroidism.
Myxedema coma can result from any of the causes of hypothyroidism, most commonly chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
Sings and symptoms
Decreases appetite together with weight again as low mateboli rate
thyroid gland may be enlarged
Defination
Myxedema is hypothyroidism that developes in adults.
It usually happens when body does not produce enough thyroid hormones
Nursing Care Plan
Nursing Diagnosis
Imbalanced nutrition may be related to greater intake than metabolic needs as evidenced by decreased appetite or weight gain
Intervention and rationale
Educate patient and family about body changes due to hypothyroidism, in order to understand relationship between weight gain and decreased appetite
Assess patient appetite because they usually have decreased appetite
Problems
Imbalanced nutrition
low appetite
Evaluation
No thyroid crisis within 7-8 days
Thyrotoxicosis
Pathophysiology
main cause of thyrotoxicosis is hyperthyroidism, which is an overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in it producing excess levels of thyroid hormones.
Sings and symptoms
abdominal pain
agitation, delirium
heart failure
Hyperthermia of 41 degrees Celsius
Defination
clinical manifestation of a group of disorders characterized by the presence of excess thyroid hormone action at the tissue level and is the consequence of inappropriately high thyroid hormone concentrations
Nursing Care Plan
Problems
Decreases of cardiac output
Anxiety
fatigue
Nursing Diagnosis
Risk of decreased cardic output maybe caused by uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
Intervention and Rationale
Monitor bood pressure
investigate any report of chest pain this may reflect increased myocardial oxygen demands or ischemia
Monitor patient pulse and heart rate to provides a more accurate assessment of tachycardia
Evaluation
No thyroid crisis within 7- 8 days
Thyroiditis
Pathophysiology
The thyroid can be attacked by different agents. The attacks cause inflammation and injury to the thyroid cells, leading to thyroiditis
Sings and symptoms
irritability
fast heart rate ,fatigue and troubling sleeping
Defination
-the swelling, or inflammation, of the thyroid gland and can lead to over- or under-production of thyroid hormone
Nursing Care Plan
Nursing Diagnosis
Constipation related to depressed gastrointestinal function
Activity intolerance related to fatigue and depressed cognitive process
risk of imbalance temperature ranges related to cold intolerance.
Intervention and rationale
Space activities to promote rest and exercise as tolerated
Monitor patient’s body temperature.
Encourage increased fluid intake within the limits of fluid restriction
Problems
high temperature
activity intolerance
constipation
Thyroidectomy
Pathophysiology
thyroidectomy is traditionally a minimally invasive surgery performed through a small horizontal incision in the front of the neck.
The entire thyroid gland may be removed or just a single lobe, a portion of a lobe and the isthmus or other structures.
Complications
Bleeding
Infection
Airway obstruction caused by bleeding.
Defination
is the surgical removal of all or part of your thyroid gland.
Thyroidectomy is used to treat thyroid disorders, such as cancer,
Nursing Care Plan
Problems
Bleeding
airway obstruction
Nursing Diagnosis
Risk of altered air entry related to neck orders secondary surgery
Expected Outcomes
airways clear with no strain on the future line
Nursing Intervention and rationale
PUT patient in fowlers position to reduce neck swelling
support head to reduce strains
Keep clips set at bedside incase of emergency
Lewis's medical-surgical Nursing (assessment and management of clinical problems) Eleventh Edition