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Social Cognitive Theory - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Imitation and role models: Imitating role models that resemble ourselves (gender, age, ideology, values, etc.)
      - Vicarious reinforcement: (1) An individual observes another person—usually a role model—behave in a certain way (2) The behaviour has desirable or "good" consequences based on the individual's perception. This is when the behaviour gets reinforced. (3) The individual behaves the same way as observed.
      - Attachment: The individual identifies with the role model. This form of social learning influences the individual's personality
      - Requirements of social learning. All of these requirements must be met in order for social learning and reproduction to occur.
        
        Retention
        
        Reproduction
        
        Attention
        
        Motivation
    - - Children imitated aggressive behaviour that they observed
      - Transference of behaviour: The children also exhibited aggressive behaviour that was not learned in the context of the experiment. If they saw kicking in the experiment, they would start kicking AND hitting based on other social learning. They understood that the behaviour was aggression and demonstrated other aggressive acts they learned in other social contexts
    - - More aggressive participants identified with the aggressive characters on TV and associated their acts as regular demonstrations of aggression
      - TV violence correlated with aggression as young adults.
      - Longitudinal study
- - - - Negates the idea that individual behaviour is only shaped by environmental factors or individual, internal dispositions
      - Individual behaviour can be shaped by and used to shape environmental, biological, and cognitive factors, and behavioural patterns
    - - Individual and groups are interdependent—people can be the products and creators of social groups.
      - Negates the idea that individuals are reactive creatures—they only respond to their environment and innate biology
    - - Elaborates on the agentic perspectives. (1) Individuals create social systems like groups that regulate and organise their behaviour. (2) These social systems restrict the resources and opportunities available to individuals.
      - Social structures and individuals interact, they are interdependent.
      - Personal determinants, behavioural determinants, environmental determinants all affect one another
      - Process
        
        Modelling: Behaviour can be learned through the observation of role models
        
        Expectancies: Before imitating an observed behaviour, an individual considers its rewards and consequences based on what they have observed when another individual imitates the same behaviour
        
        Identification: Individuals are more likely to observe the behaviours of people that they personally identify with.
        
        Self efficacy: Motivation, cognition, and emotion also affect the extent to which an individual wants to imitate an observed behaviour