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Understanding & Explaining Social Reality 26c964618a97408bc7486264b2…
Understanding & Explaining Social Reality
What makes human unique?
Humans differ amongst themselves but they are also alike
Humans being are social
beings
What are the elements of culture?
Social values
What most people think is good and right; assumption that certain behaviours, actions or systems are good or rights
Values are
reflection of belief
Values can
be contradictory
Value can change
over time
Values can vary
within society
Example:
Honesty
Courage
Justice
Respect for law
Respect for others
Material Products
Cultural artifacts, considered essential for society to function.
Examples of materials product: cars, computers, airplanes, telephones, supermarkets, factories
Social Institution
Government
Provide peace and order around society
The economy
Obtain food, shelter and clothing
Education
To transmit culture and train new generation
Religion
Express their religious belief and enjoy in worship
The family
provide basic needs of life
Social Norms
Folkways
Conventional behaviour in a society and norms
Mores
(mor-rays)
Ideas about what is right/wrong, virtuous and sinful
Taboos
Forbid a society's most outrageous practices, such as incest and murder
Laws
Strengthen certain mores and societies pass laws, are formal codes of behaviour that are binding on the whole society
Language
Words
Shared and understood by people in the same community, nation, geographical area or cultural tradition
Encompasses cultural assumptions and ideas
Why have humans been able to develop culture?
Have biological qualities
Having ability to create
and use symbols
Human evolution
Environmental change
What social science research
concern about?
Subcultures
Distinguish by features/interest
Identify with main values of a culture
Countercultures
Group within a society whose values and lifestyle are in oppostion to those of the wider society
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