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The digestive system Period 3 Leslie Cuenca - Coggle Diagram
The digestive system Period 3 Leslie Cuenca
Major functions of the digestive system
Ingestion
the process of eating food
Propulsion
It is when food moves in the digestion track, it importance comes from peristalsis, it is a series of turning contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle that lines the walls of the digestive organs and that makes food to move along.
Secretion
It is when digestive enzymes and other substances liquefies,it's also when it chemically breaks down the food.
Mechanical digestion
it is the process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces. This begins with chewing the food then continues with the muscular churning in the stomach.
Chemical digestion
it is when the food is chemically broken down into simpler molecules it is then carried out by enzymes in the stomach and small intestines.
Absorption
this is the movement of molecules from the digestive tract to adjacent blood and lymphatic vessels, absorption is when the food is digested into the body.
Defecation
This is when we release the processed foods, and eliminating undigested foods through the anus.
Major organs of the digestive system
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Anus
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The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver. After meals, the gallbladder is empty and flat,Before a meal, the gallbladder may be full of bile and about the size of a small pear.
During digestion, your pancreas makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches. Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones.
The liver regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile. This helps carry away waste products from the liver. All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver.
large intestine are recovery of water and electrolytes, formation and storage of feces and fermentation of some of the indigestible food matter by bacteria.
The small intestine breaks down food from the stomach and absorbs much of the nutrients from the food. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine
The duodenum's main role is to complete the first phase of digestion
The function of the stomach is as an aid to digestion. It is also a temporary storage for food, which passes from the esophagus to the stomach where it is held for 2 hours or longer. Mixing and breakdown of food by contraction and relaxation of the muscle layers in the stomach.
is the hollow tube that leads from the throat to the stomach.
Digestive enzymes
Amylase
Pepsin
Pancreatic lipase
The pancreatic lipase is the fat spitting enzyme secreted by the
pancreas
The pancreas is located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells. The pancreas has two main functions. One function is an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that helps regulate the blood sugar.
Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that digest proteins found in ingested food
The amylase's main function is to hydrolyze the glyosidic bonds in the starch molecules which converts complex carbohydrate into simple sugars.
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Stomach
Pepsin, secreted by the stomach.
Pancreas
Trypsin, secreted by the pancreas and Chymotrypsin, secreted by the pancreas.
Layers of the GI tract
Is divided into 4 layers
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
Serosa
provides a partition between the internal organs and the abdominal cavity.
These layers of smooth muscle are used for peristalsis , to move food down through the gut.
The submucosa is a connective tissue layer deep to and supporting the mucosa.The substance of the submucosa is ordinary loose connective tissue. It allows the mucosa to move flexibly during peristalsis.
The mucosa is the innermost layer, and functions in absorption and secretion.The mucosa contains specialized goblet cells that secrete sticky mucus throughout the GI tract.
Disorders of the digestive system
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Constipation
occurs when bowel movements become less frequent and stools become difficult to pass.
is a common disorder that affects the large intestine
is a digestive disorder that occurs when acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids back up from the stomach into the esophagus.