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Oncology images - Coggle Diagram
Oncology 
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Staging and grading
As soon as a diagnosis of a neoplastic growth has been made, it must be further defined based on the extent of the tumor.
Pathophysiology
In cancer, differentiated body cells undergo changes in their genetic makeup (nuclei) resulting in the loss of normal cell regulation, characteristics and function. The process is referred to as carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis is a process whereby normal cells are transformed to become malignant cells.
Prevention and screening
Secondary : screening to pick up on cancer early
when there is greater chance for cure or control.
Female: monthly breast self-exams day 7-12 of
menstrual cycle. Yearly clinical exam age >40. q3
years if age 20-39. Mammogram age 40+. Pap
smears age 21+ q3yrs. Colonoscopy age 50+
q10yrs. Fecal occult blood 50+ yearly.
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Male: Yearly clinical testicular exam. Monthly self
exam. Digital rectal exam and prostate specific
antigen age 50+. Colonoscopy 50+. Fecal occult
blood 50+ yearly.
Primary: ways to prevent actual occurrence
-No smoking
-exercise/nutrition
-Normal weight
-No alcohol Hep B and HPV vaccines
-avoid exposure to carcinogens
Tertiary : management of long-term care for clients
with complex treatments for cancer.
Ex: support groups and rehabilitation programs