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Mariah Hernandez p. 3 Reproductive system - Coggle Diagram
Mariah Hernandez
p. 3
Reproductive system
Major functions of the Reproductive system:
reproduction process by which new individuals of a species are produced
produce eggs and sperm
-transport cells
produces hormones
Nourishes only for females the offspring
reproduction involving 2 parents offspring its genetically different than parent
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Gonads: primary sex organ teste and ovaries
Tunica albuginea
Capsule surrounding the taste
divides the lobules
each has 1-4 seminiferous tubules
sperm: testosterone
Sperm live 30-60 days after maturation
Head: contains nucleus with DNA
Acrosome: anterior potion of head, contains enzymes needed to penetrate the female egg
function: produce and disseminate a large quantity of male gamete
Vasectom- cutting off the ductus deter
Scrotu- divided sac of skin outside the abdomen that holds the testes regulates tump of testes for sperm viability
Vas deferens: called ducts deferens
carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculator duct
Regions of Penis: root-attached to body wall shaft-free moveable portion of penis
Glans Penis: contains urethral opening
prepuce: fold cuff of skin
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Functions: production of female gamete and preparation for support of developing for support of developing embryo during pregancy
Ovaries: primary female sex organ
paired, almond shaped organ on either side of uterus
fibrous capsule is called tunica albuginea
outer cortex houses developing female gamete, the oocyte, within follicles
Inner medulla contains loose connective tissue with large blood vessels and nerves
Support of the ovaries:
-suspensory ligaments: secures ovary to lateral walls of pelvis
Ovarian ligament: attach ovary to uterus
Broad ligament: encloses suspensory ligament
females are born with all the eggs that they will have at birth
matured oocyte are called; Graafian follicle
External Genitlia:
Mon Pubis
Labia
Clitoris
Vestibule
ductus systemic: delivery of female gamete
Unterine tube
Uterus
vagina
(secondary/accessory)
Hormones of the reproductive system:
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH):
released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH (same as male)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH):
stimulates the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
Luteinizing Hormone (LH):
spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle (only one)
Inhibin
decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
Estrogen:
primary female sex hormone released by follicle
stimulates growth of uterus, vaginal necessary for ovum maturation
-Low levels causes release of FSH and high levels causes release of LH and GnRH
Thickening of uterine wall
Onset of bodily hair
Events of the female hormonal cycles:
Oogenesis: process of producing ova/ovum
Menopause:
mentrual cycle ceases
usually between 45-55
Ovaries secrete low levels of estrogen and progesterone
Symptoms:
hot flashes, dizziness, headaches and insomnia
Ovulation:
begins at puberty
reproductive ability ends at menopause
oocytes are matured in developing ovarian follicles
Reproductive cycle (28 days average)
Ovarian cycle: occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturation and ovulation of the mature oocyte
Uterine cycle: occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the ovum
Ovarian cycle:
Follicular phase: (1-14)
extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation
Ovulation
Day 14
Graafian follicle releases the oocyte
Luteal Phase
Day 15-28
when follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell become corpus Luteum
Uterine cycle:
menstruation
Day 1-5
Bleeding last for 3-5 days
Proliferative phase
day 6-14
Thickening of endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation
Secretory phase
Day 15-28
Uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation ccurs
disorders associated with the reproductive system
HIV:
H uman
Immunity
Virus
Aids:
Acquired
Immuno
Deficiency
Syndrome
HIV: Human Immune - Deficiency Virus
When infected the person is now considered HIV positive
Does not mean they have to be sick
HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact be it vaginal, oral or anal - with an infected partner
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome can take years to develop
AIDS is diagnosed when your white blood cell count is at 200 cells or lower and you have an opportunistic infection