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Digestive & Urinary System, Ryan Chu, Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System, Ryan Chu, Period 5
Major Functions of the Digestive System
Break down food into basic nutrients
Absorb nutrients into the body
Major Functions of the Urinary System
Excrete metabolic waste, toxins, drugs
Regulate total water volume
Transport and store urine
Major Organs of the Digestive System
Small Intestines
Where the majority of absorption occurs
Subdivisions
Jejunum
Duodenum
Ileum
Large Intestines
Absorption of water and vitamins
Turns indigestible waste into fecal matter
Stomach
Main site of digestion
Mechanical breakdown
Absorbs a few fat-soluble substances
Mouth/Pharynx
Break down food via chewing
Entrance for food to begin digestion
Swallow food
Esophagus
Pathway from the mouth to the stomach for food
Propel food to stomach
Anus/Rectum
Store fetal matter until defecation
Major Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys
Regulate total water volume and solute concentration in water
Regulate ion concentration in extracellular fluid
Ensure long-term acid-base balance
Excrete metabolic wastes, toxins, and drugs
Produce erythropoietin
Activate vitamin D
Carry out glucongenesis
Urinary Bladder
Temporary storage of urine before miturition
Muscular sac for temporary storage of urine
Ureter
Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Urethra
Transport urine out of the body
Digestive Enzymes
Amalyase
Breaks down starches into carbohydrates
Lipase
Breaks down fats
Bile
Break down fats in digestion
Pepsin
Breaks down protein
Nuclease
Breaks down nucleic acid
Location of Digestion and Absorption of each Macromolecule
Small Intestine
Fat soluble vitamins, A, D, E, K
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Nucleic acids
95% of water absorbed
Large Intestines
Water
Vitamins B and K absorbed
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus
Allows for efficient filtrate formation
Tuft of capillaries composed of fenestrated endothelium
Glomerular capsule
Parietal layer
Simple squamous epithelium
Visceral layer
Branching epithelial podocytes
Extensions terminate in foot processes that cling to basement
membrane
– Filtration slits between foot processes allow filtrate to pass into
capsular space
Renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Cuboidal cells with dense microvilli that form brush border
Functions in reabsorption and secretion
Nephron loop
U-shaped structure consisting of two limbs
Descending limb
Proximal part of descending limb is continuous with proximal tubule
Ascending limb
Thick ascending limb
Distal convoluted loop
Function more in secretion than reabsorption