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Autonomic Nervous System, Efferent Division (motor) - Division of the…

- - - - Peripheral Tissue - Neuroeffector Junction
- - - - Acetylcholine
        
        Postsynaptic effect
        
        mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
        
        ionotropic receptor - results in depolarisation of the postsynaptic memebrane
        
        Opening of a cation non-selective ion channel
        
        Resulting in EPSP (often large enough to cause an action potential in the postganglionic neurones).
    - - Noradrenaline
        
        Adrenergic receptors (metabotropic receptors) - located on the plasma membrane of peripheral tissue (cells)
        
        a1: Location: Smooth muscle of blood vessels in skin, sphincters of urogenital tract and digestive tract -> effect of activation: vasocontraction, contraction (urine retention), Contraction (inhibition of defecation) respectively.
        
        a2: Location: Smooth muscle of digestive tract, Secretory glands of digestive tract, Pancreas -> effect of activation: Decreased motility, Decrease in secretion, and Decrease in insulin secretion respectively.
        
        B1: location: cardiac muscle -> Increase in rate & force of contraction.
        
        B2: Location: smooth muscles of blood vessels in heart, smooth muscle of blood vessels in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle of airways, smooth muscle of digestive tract -> effect of activation: Relaxation (vasodilation), vasodilation, Dilation (increased flow, and Decrease motility respectively
        
        B3: Location: Adipose tissue -> effect of activation: Lipolysis (fatty acid release)
  - - - Acetylcholine
        
        Same effects as sympathetic
    - - Acetylcholine
        
        Muscarinic Receptors (metabotropic receptors)
        
        M1: location Gastric glands of stomach -> effect of activation: Increased secretion.
        
        M2: Location: Cardiac muscle -> effect of activation: Decrease in rate of contraction.
        
        M3: Locations: Smooth muscle of digestive tract and Salivary glands -> effect of activation: contraction (smooth muscle), increased secretion (salivary).
- - - - B1 antagonist
        
        Treatment of hypertension
    - - B2 agonist
        
        Treatment of asthma
  - - - M1 antagonist
        
        Treatment of gastric ulcers
    - - Non-selective muscarinic antagonist
        
        Reduction of salivary secretion during surgery