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REPORTED SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
REPORTED SPEECH
Use
To retell or report what other person has actually said
Statements
Changes in
pronouns
Pronouns and possessive adjectives: from 1st or 2nd person to 3rd person
“this” to "that"
“these” to “those”
Changes in
verbal tenses
Changes in
expressions of time and place
Verbs
say + to + someone
tell + object pronoun
Questions
Yes/no questions
IF
The subject-verb inversion
The question mark disappear
He asked: “Is anyone here?”
=
He asked if anyone was there
WH- questions
The interrogative word remains
The subject-verb inversion
The question mark disappears
“Where does he live?”, said Mary
=
Mary asked where he lived
Orders
Imperative verb
changes into infinitive with “to”
“Don't swim out too far, boys”, said the monitor
=
The monitor told the boys not to swim out too far
Exclamations
They become
statements
in indirect speech
The exclamation mark
disappears
He said: “What a dreadful idea!”
/
“How dreadful!”
=
He exclaimed it was a dreadful idea
/
He exclaimed it was dreadful
A word or the transcription of a sound
“Ugh!!”, he exclaimed
=
He gave an exclamation of disgust
Other reporting verbs
OFFER + TO INFINITIVE
She offered to bring me some tea
SUGGEST + GERUND / (THAT + PERSONAL PRONOUN + BARE FORM)
He suggested meeting at the theatre
He suggested that we meet at the theatre
ADVICE + OBJECT PRONOUN + TO INFINITIVE
She advised Tom to take care of his things
ASK FOR + OBJECT PRONOUN + SOMETHING
The boy asked the man for his newspaper
ASK + OBJECT PRONOUN + TO INFINITIVE
She asked him to clear the table
INVITE + OBJECT PRONOUN + TO INFINITIVE
John invited Sally to go with him to the party