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DIRECT & INDIRECT REPORTED SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
DIRECT & INDIRECT REPORTED SPEECH
BACKSHIFT
BACKSHIFT OF MODAL VERBS
will --> would
may --> might
can --> could
must --> had to
PROGRESSIVE FORMS
am/is/are --> was/were
was/were, has been --> had been
BACKSHIFT OF TENSES
present simple --> past simple
past simple/ past perfect --> past perfect
PP Personal Pronouns
I/me/my
we/us/ours
he/she him/her his/her
DEICTIC EXPRESSIONS
(ways of addressing TIME, PLACE and PEOPLE)
tonight --> that night
yesterday --> the day before
today --> that day
tomorrow --> the following day/ the next day
now --> then
next day/ week/ month/ year --> the following day/ week/ month/ year
QUESTIONS IN RP(without "?" )
WH QUESTIONS
Without auxiliar verb
What
Where
When
Why
How
POLAR QUESTIONS
Transform into a direct questions,
using IF / WETHER
Yes / No questions
OTHER EXPRESSIONS
Reporting verbs with other structures
SAY / TELL
verb + that
AGREE, DECIDE, OFFER, PROMISE... (in past)
verb + to + infinitive
DENY, RECOMMEND, SUGGEST... (in past)
verb + gerund